六朝隋唐時期的揚州城與坊市

A Research about Yangzhou City, Lifang System(里坊制度) and Market From the Six Dynasties to the Sui-Tang Dynasties

본고는 육조 수당시기 양주성의 수축, 이방의 설치, 시의 상황에 대해 검토한 것이다. 이시기 북방은 鄴城, 長安, 洛陽 등의 도시를 대표로 새로운 규획 이념에 기초하여 도시를 수축하였다. 육조시기는 남북으로 길게는 300년간의 분열이 있었는데, 양주는 남북 정권 통치하에 있으면서 역대의 수축이 모두 동진 남조 중신의 지지하에 시행된 것으로, 城池의 규획에서 남방적 요소의 영향을 받았다. 기존 연구에 따르면, 里坊制度는 가장 먼저 華北에서 나타난 후 점차 넓게 전파되었다. 그러나 이러한 관점은 최근 일부 학자가 문헌과 고고학 자료에 근거하여 새로운 견해를 제시함으로써 재고해 볼 수 있게 되었다.

In the study of ancient cities, we do not only need to rely on the guidance of the urban historical theory, but also the historical documents and archaeological data of the specific cities. Only according to the empirical study of the individual cities and city agglomerations, we can confirm, supplement, amend, and develop the theories about Chinese urban history. In this paper, we take an example of Yangzhou city from the Six Dynasties to Sui-Tang Dynasties for discussing the relevant issues. During this period, some cities were built in the North of China, represented by Yecheng, Chang’an and Luoyang, which are designed according to the concept of the new planning. And in the Six Dynasties, Yangzhou was ruled by the southern regime and it was always built under the auspices of the minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasties and Southern Dynasties. Therefore, the city planning of Yangzhou is mainly influenced by the South factors. Acording to the previous studies, Lifang system(里坊制度) appeared in the north first, and later implemented in the country. But in recent years, scholars had to reconsider this view, and some of them proposed new opinions according to the historical documents and archaeological data. From the history and archaeological data of Yangzhou, the Lifang system(里坊制度) had been implemented here in the Sui-Tang Dynasties, but it was still different with the northern city. As the epitaph, fang(坊) also existed on both sides of the canal in the downtown area outside the city. Fang wall(坊牆) was not found between Lifang(里坊). It might be linked with the developed industry and commerce of Yangzhou, the water clouds inside and outside the city, and the huge project of Fang wall(坊牆). In addition to the regional market set up by the authorities, some folk trading places were widely distributed. With the population growth and commercial prosperity, these transactions continuously extended to the place with convenient transportation. The trading time was extended, and the night market(夜市) appeared. In conclusion, Yangzhou has distinct characteristics in the Fangshi System(坊市制度), more similar with the same period of the Southern China cities. Through this study, we can think that Yangzhou city from the Six Dynasties to Sui-Tang Dynasties, is largely influenced by the southern factors. In the restoration and research of Yangzhou city, more attention should be paid to this aspect of the factors. Furthermore, in the research of the history of Chinese ancient cities, verification and reflection for the previous academic point of view is also necessary to be given according to the historical documents and the archaeological achievements.