淸代刑部判決的非法律性因素

Qing dynasty punishments extralegal factors of the judicial decision - An Investigation into the case recorded in Xing An Hui Lan -

『刑案匯覽』은 청대 형부의 중요한 판결집으로 당시 국가 사법 판결의 최고 수준을 대표할 뿐만 아니라 중앙 1급 사법 판결의 특징을 반영하고 있다. 사례 연구의 관건은 판결을 연구하는데 있어 州縣官員이나 중앙 사법관원에 관계없이, 판결하였을 때 반드시 판결을 수용할 수 있는지 여부를 고려해야 하는데 이는 판결이 문자적인 의미에서 실천적인 의미로 변화하는 가장 중요한 요소가 되기 때문이다, 따라서 판결의 수용 가능성을 강조하는 것은, 한편으로는 수용 가능한 사법 활동이 뿌리내릴 수 있도록 요구하여 어느 시대의 사법활동도 모두 주동적으로 수용 가능함을 버리지 않도록 추구하고, 다른 한편으로는 사회 생활과 긴밀하게 연결되는 법률로서 그 가치가 단일한 것만은 아니므로 비록 최종적으로 판결 결과가 문자적인 법률재량을 드러낸 것이라고 할지라도 더욱 주요한 것은 체계적인 법률활동을 통해 분규를 해결하고 사회질서를 유지하는 것을 목적으로 한다.

Xing’an Hui lan is the important case assembly of Board of Punishments in the Qing dynasty, represented the country at the time the highest form of judicial decisions, and reflects the level of the characteristics of judicial decisions. The key lies in the judgment of case study research, whether local judicial officials or central judicial officials, the verdict must consider is that judgment can be accepted, that is the verdict from paper into practice the most important factor. Emphasize the acceptability of verdict, on the one hand because of acceptability is embedded requirements of judicial activities, which are not active reneged on the acceptability of the pursuit at any age. On the other hand, as a close contact with the social life of the law, the pursuit of its value is not a single, although the final judgment results to show for the law of the amount of text, but mainly through a series of activities to solve legal disputes, maintaining social order. So the case judgment is not only the simple reality of legal provisions, and the integration of multiple factors, the statute, ethical, moral, habits, social effect, and even the interests and so on are considered, extralegal factors will be injected into the judicial activities, and legal factors, obtained by cutting and common reunification the social effect, as to the acceptability of the referee. Certainly, for the extralegal factors, does not mean that the weake of legal factors, but because of the same case fact, the legal factors based on the fact the value judgment of scale expansion, which constitute the different valuable facts, and leading to changes of rules apply. Also, it should be realized that the Xingbu judgment in the Qing dynasty reflect factors other than extralegal factors is not the isolation existence, as a very special role, and according to the practical rational with written rules and the extralegal factors being applicable methods working together in the final decision, to be the important supplement of the central judicial activities into written rules culture in Qing dynasty. Therefore, the method of external by questioning has become not only an important clue to understand the Qing Central judicial decisions, also can take this as a breakthrough point, change a kind of perspective to look at China traditional legal system, will be placed in the broader social context, to explore the judicial experience and wisdom with the traditional China characteristics.