韓國의 人體, 動物 및 土壤에서 分離된 Mycobacterium의 菌種

Mycobacterium isolated from Man, animals and soil in Korea, 1968-1980 : (a)review

In recent years, there has been a dramatic decrease in tuberculosis of man and dairy cattle in Korea. The prevalence rate of human tuberculosis by Chest x-ray survey and bacteriological confirmed test decreased from 5.1% and 0.94% in 1965 to 2.5% and 0.55% in 1980. In dairy cattle, the prevalence rate by tuberculin survey also dramatically decreased from 0.38% in 1965 to 0.08% in 1978. This indicates that tuberculosis would be no longer the most common cause of death in this country with a high standard of living and the tuberculosis eradication program of the Government, but still remains the number one killer of the reportable chronic diseases. There is a great need to classify the species of Mycobacterium isolated recently from man, animal and environmentals in the country and to test their susceptibility to antituberculous drugs beeing widely used throughout the country not only to facilitate successful treatment and prevention of mycobacterial infections but also for an understanding of the epidemiology of these infections in man and other animals. It was the object of this review to inform the species of mycobacteria encounterd with human tuberculosis, bovine tuberculosis and soil infections. In addition the drug resistance of M. tuberculosis against primary and secondary anti-tuberculous drug was discussed. The most common pathogen of tuberculosis in man was M. tuberculosis: Of 3,716 strains of acid-fast bacilli isolated, 3,613 strains (97.2%) were M. tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial pathogens were M. scrofulaceum and M. fortuitum. In bovine tuberculosis, of 70 strains isolated from 76 tuberculin reactor cattle 33 strains (47.1%) belonged to M. bovis and the rest were M. kansasii, M. aviumintracellulare complex, M. scrofulaceum and M. fortuitum. Neither M. tuberculosis nor M. bovis was isolated from pigs and Korean native cattle. Among the pathogens were M. kansasii, M. avium-intracellulare complex and M. fortuitum. Nontuberculous mycobactderia from Korean native cattle were M. marinum, M. scrofulaceum, M. avium-intracellulare complex and M. fortuitum. In the soil samples, while neither M. tuberculosis nor M. bovis has been isolated, M. scrofulaceum-szulgai complex, M. avium-intracellulare complex and M. fortuitum-peregrinum complex were isolated. The most strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from man were highly resistant to primary anti-tuberculous drugs: INH (25.3-87.3%), PAS (7-62.7%), and SM (15.5-82.3%) but most strains of M. tuberculosis were highly susceptible to secondary anti-tuberculous drugs exception with high resitance to ethambutol (12.4-37.0%). The resistant strain was less than 3.0% of all strains tested.