고고자료로 본 백제와 왜(倭) 교섭

A Study on Negotiations between Kudara and Wa Based on Archeological Resources

百済と日本列島の倭との関係は、文献資料だけではなく、考古学資料を 通じても活発な研究が行われている。百済地域と日本列島において相互に 関連性を持つ考古学資料は、古墳、建物址、金銅冠をはじめ、土器や石製 品など、さまざまな遺物が出ているが、時期や地域などによって違いが見 られている。考古学資料が持つ限界で、当時の交流や交渉の様相を直接的 に明らかにするのは難しいが、関連する遺物の種類や出土地域と遺構など を検討してみると、文献の記録だけでは把握しにくい多くの地域間の関係 性にある程度近づくことができる。 百済地域と日本列島において互いに関連連性を持つ考古学資料が最も多 く見られる時期は3〜6世紀である。そこで馬韓が中心になる段階である3〜4世紀と百済が中心となる5〜6世紀に分けて、関連の考古学資料、その 中でも、遺物を中心に百済と倭との交渉について考察してみようと思う。

Active research has been conducted on the relationship between Kudara and Wa in the Japanese archipelago through not only documentary but also archaeological resources. Various archaeological relics relating to the relationship between the Kudara area and the Japanese archipelago have been detected, such as mounds, golden and copper crowns, ancient clay potteries, among other things, but differences are observed depending on when and where they existed. While it is difficult to directly reveal aspects of communications and negotiations due to the limitation of archaeological resources, the analyses of the kinds of relics and the areas where they were detected shed light on areal relations that would not be uncovered if documentary resources alone were considered. It is the archaeological resources of the 3~6 centuries that most clearly suggest interrelations between the Kudara area and the Japan archipelago. We analyze negotiations between Kudara and Wa by distinguish the relics of the 3~4 centuries during which Mahan confederacy throve from those of the 5~6 centuries during which Kudara throve.