일본어 감정 표현의 발화와 지각에 관여하는 음성자질

Phonetic Qualities Concerning the Production and Perception of Emotive Expressions in Japanese

本研究は日本語母語話者(J)と韓国人日本語学習者(K)を対象として｢理解｣と｢共感｣の感情を含む日本語発話とその知覚について知覚判定実験および発話分析を行ったものである。 その結果、知覚面においてJの日本語｢理解｣発話はJには普通形、Kには丁寧形の知覚率が高かった。また｢共感｣発話においてはJでは発話スタイルによる影響があまり見られなかったのに対して、Kでは普通形の知覚率が高く、発話スタイルの影響が見られた。 発話面については、Jは｢理解｣発話ではピッチの変動幅が大きく、持続時間が短いが、｢共感｣の発話ではピッチの変動幅が小さく、緩やかな下降があり、持続時間の長いという特徴がみられた。ただし、｢共感｣では、ピッチパターンが異なっていても、持続時間が長い場合は知覚率が高く、短い場合は地確率が低下していた。Kの日本語では、｢理解｣においてJとは 異なる独特なピッチパターンがみられたが、持続時間の条件が満足されて いる場合、知覚率の低下はみられなかった。

In the present study, we conduct perception-judgment experiments and utterance analyses concerning the production and perception of Japanese emotive expressions by Japanese speakers and Korean learners, relating to the emotive meanings of “comprehension” and “empathy.” Our experiments concerning Japanese “comprehension” utterances indicate that the perception rate of plain style is high for Japanese speakers, while the perception rate of polite style is high for Korean learners. As for “empathy” utterances, it seems that Japanese speakers are not affected by the style of utterance, while Korean learners are significantly affected, as can be seen in the high perception rate of plain style. In the case of Japanese speakers’ “comprehension” utterances, the pitch varies greatly and the duration time is short, and in the case of “empathy” utterances, the pitch does not vary considerably and decreases gradually, and the duration time is long. Furthermore, if the pitch does not exhibit a systematized pattern but the duration time is reasonably long, the utterance tends to be interpreted as “empathy,” while if the duration time is not reasonably long, the perception rate is low. In the case of the variant of Japanese produced by Korean learners, a notable point of difference in pitch patterns from Japanese speakers’ utterances is observed in “comprehension,” but decrease in perception rates is not detected when the duration time constraints are satisfied.