중국 문헌 속 북방지역 소수종족과 퉁구스족과의 관계 규명: 순록 관련 기록을 중심으로

Anаlysis of the Relationship between Northern Minorities and the Tungus in Chinese Literature: In the Focus on the Record about Reindeer

The major production activities of Tungus were reindeer breeding. Based on the point of view, in this paper we analyzed the relationship between the minority ethnic Kitan(契 丹), Shibi(室韋), Dopa(都播), Balyago(拔也古), Kukkuk(菊國), Kui(鬼) and Tungus on the basis of Wiseo(魏書) (559), Buksa(北史) (659), Gudangseo(舊唐書) (945), Sindangseo(新唐書) (1060), Munheontonggo(文獻通考) (1307). Wiseo , Buksa , Munheontonggo were recorded of the 3rd and 6th centuries, Gudangseo , Sindangseo were recorded of the 7th and 9th centuries, but the life of minority ethnic recorded in the latter is not much different from the former. Therefore, the situation of minority ethnic recorded in the above literature can be seen in the situation of the 4rd to 6th century. In the 4th and 6th centuries, Kitan lived in Zabajkal e and Pribajkal e and major production activities were hunting, supplementary activities were reindeer breeding. Kitan lived a nomadic life and had both the characteristics of the northern and southern factions of the Tungus. Shibi lived in Priamul e and major production activities of NamShibi were Livestock breeding and fishery, BukShibi-hunting of manta, deer, reindeer, the subject who provided reindeer to NamShibi is estimated BukShibi. In 3th and 6th centuries, in the life of Dopa the reindeer was meaning, but the Dopa was not engaged in reindeer breeding. In the 4th and 6th centuries, Balyago lived in south of Zabajkal e and major production activities were hunting of reindeer. The Kukkuk was likely to be a Tungus who was engaged in reindeer breeding in Zabajkal e, therefore, is estimated that the Tungus of the 4th and 7th centuries were already engaged in reindeer breeding. Kui lived in Zabajkal e, and the reindeer took an important place in life. Based on the voice similarity, it is presumed that Kukkuk and Kui were differentiated from the same Tungus and then became active in Zabajkal e and Pribajkal e.