일본 고대 국가의례 연구서설 - 즉위의례와 다이죠오사이(大嘗祭)를 중심으로 -

A Introductory Study on the State Rites of Ancient Japan

During the pre-ritsuryo period the Ookimi was chosen by the all vassals, and they presented the national treasures such as the sword and the mirror to the chosen, and thereby his rulership was legitimatized. The way the emperor acceded to the throne changed with the introduction of the ritsuryo system. A new emperor was born when he acceded to the imperial place. Presentation of congratulatory remarks and national treasures occupied a central position in the enthronement ceremony. By the eighth century the enthronement ceremony of the emperor succeeded that of the Ookimi. In the ninth century, however, the sinification of the enthronement ceremony took place. The presentation of the national treasures began to be performed not in the enthronement ceremony but in the Daizosai, and the presentation of the congratulatory remarks was no longer to be performed at the enthronement ceremony. During the reign of the Tenmu and Jito Daizosai began to distinguish itself from the Shinzosai. Unlike the Shinzosai the Daizosai as a ceremony of investiture and thanksgiving became the state ceremony performed only one time during a single imperial reign. In the ninth century the presentation of national treasures was moved to be conducted at the Daizosai. The Daizosai is the ceremony where the emperor became connected to the deities through the Shinto rites, and the relationship between sovereign and subject was confirmed by the presentation of the congratulatory remarks, and the harmony between sovereign and subject is accomplished by the feast. The Daizosai had a dual structure of the capital and the locality, and the subject expressed their servitude by presenting their land to the throne. Like the Daizosai, the Shinzosai and the Tsukinamisai the court distributed offerings to 304 Shinto shrines, which expressed the superiority of the central deities over local deities. At the Kinensai offerings were distributed to all the shrines in the country. Likewise the emperor tried to spread the imperial ideology and reproduce the imperial control over religion.