一八六七年、倭館「攔出」事件からみた朝日関係

A study on relations of Korea and Japan in the Wakan Nanchul(攔出) of 1867

The Border Transgression(犯越)recognition in a Wakan which is between Korea and Japan, understands that Korea was different from Japan. It is illegal that Japanese leaves the Wakan gate. The border of Border Transgression was the Wakan gate. But only a Japanese government official with permission(from the Korea side) was able to come and go exceptionally between Seolmun(設門, a kind of gate) and the Wakan gate. A Korean must file from Seolmun. A Korean thought that it do not transgress of Japanese borders to cross the sea as government affairs to Tsushima. In other words, it was an act of Wakan Nanchul(攔出) that a Japanese left the Wakan gate without permission and was a Border Transgression. The reason of the Japanese Wakan Nanchul has several patterns. The first is from dissatisfaction and a diplomatic dispute of diplomatic negotiations between Korea and Japan. The second is a problem of trade and economy such as the business of rice. The third includes a Wakan Nanchul in the general crime. However, for a Wakan Nanchul equal to transgress border, the two countries were negative against the punishment. Firstly, a Wakan Nanchul happened in February, 1867 was handled according to a precedent. But, in May, the case was taken again. As on the excuse of Wakan Nanchul, it works on a financial difficulty by the coastal defense reinforcement and the help for the people by the fire (disaster). And it is thought from the injustice of a rice trade system by the Korea public employee. Then, in the background about the punishment of t a Wakan Nanchul by Korea, I include the change of the Korean coastal defense policy and the change of Japan diplomacy posture in the 1860s. It is thought from a Wakan Nanchul case of 1867, that by Korea handling this case strictly, Korea strengthens Korean coastal defense in a Open Country time and strengthens a Wakan control, and is going to plan it to stabilize relations with Japan while being cautious of Japan.