1830-40년대 美國 鐵道會社의 管理會計實務

Management accounting practices of the American railroad companies in the 1830s-1840s

This study examines management accounting practices of American railroad companies, such as The Western Railroad, The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and The New York and Erie Railroad, in the 1830S-1840S. The railroads were, then, the first modern business enterprises.. They were the first to require a large number of salaried managers ; the first to build the divisional organization ; and the first to develop financial and stastical flows to control and evaluate the work of the many managers. The innovations of the 1830S and 1840S, which became standard practice in the 1850S and 1860S, increased the efficiency and productivity of transportation provided by the individual routes. In sum, this study suggests that the management accounting practices at American railroads were an archetype of today’s multi-level management accounting.