Process Control in the Steel and Aluminium Industry by Hot Dipping Sensors

On line sensors can lead to significant energy savings. Recent developments in the ferrous and non ferrous metallurgy as well as in chemical processes using smart ceramics such as ionic conductors have increased the rates of reaction significantly so that conventional analysis provides the slowest procedure. This paper reviews the possibility of using on-line sensors, based upon solid electrolytes, as a means of control and energy saving in the steel industry. Furthermore describes the use of CaF₂-solid electrolyte for the on-line AlF₃-determination in the aluminium industry.