무엇이 미술작품 감상을 어렵게 하는가?

What could be Causes of Difficulty in Appreciating Art Works?

이 연구는 초등교육을 담당할 예비교사들이 미술 작품을 감상할 때 어떠한어려움을 경험하는지를 밝히고자 하는 현상학적 연구이다. 연구를 위하여 5명의예비교사를 대상으로 ‘비평문 쓰기’를 과제로 제시하고 각 2회에 걸쳐 Think-Aloud 방법을 활용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 사후 인터뷰와 학생들이 쓴 비평문을 삼각측정으로 활용하여 연구방법을 보완하였다. 자료 분석 결과, 8개의 의미 주제(보이는 것의 확인, 느낌의 중시, 연결의 어려움, 작가라는 큰 산, 비평은 전문가 영역, 자기 확신의 부재, 빈약한 용어, 준거 틀의 부족)이 도출 되었고, 이를 다시 3개의범주(표면에서 머뭇거리기, 고정 관념에 매이기, 자기 지식을 활용하지 못하기)로정리하였다. 연구를 통하여 작품 감상 과정에서 학생들이 겪는 어려움을 이해하고앞으로 감상을 활성화하기 위해서 본 것, 느낀 것, 아는 것의 ‘연결’과 ‘활용’에초점을 맞추어 자기화할 수 있도록 지원하는 것이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

This paper, as phenomenological research, aims to figure out what difficulties pre-service teachers who will take care of arts education in elementary school experience when they try to appreciate art works. Five participants in this study were asked to see and think of some art works and to write a short critical essay on them. In order to elicit information on what was going on in the participants’ mind while they tried to understand the art works, a technique of Think-Aloud was utilized two times and then, an interview was conducted. Triangulation was used to check the results of the essay and the interview for credibility of this study. The results identified eight factors that prevented the pre-service teachers from sheer understanding of artwork: ‘confirming what is superficially seen’, ‘placing a high value on feelings’, ‘being unable to connect different ideas’, ‘being influenced by the authority of the painter’, ‘viewing criticism as a job of experts’, ‘lacking self-confirmation’, ‘having few technical terms’, and ‘lacking frame of reference’. These factors could be grouped into three categories, ‘lingering around the surface of artwork’, ‘sticking to preoccupied viewpoints’, and ‘not utilizing background knowledge in their own voice’. It is thus suggested that art education should focus on the connection between seeing and understanding, and integrated utilization of what learners see, how they feel, and what they know in their own words, which will result in enhancement of the learners’ ability to appreciate artwork.