先進國의 新保護貿易主義와 對韓輸入規制現況에 관한 硏究

A Study on the New Protectionism of Advanced Countries and the Import Regulation Thereof Imposed on Korea

Thanks to the favorable extension of international trades backed up by the long-term boom, since 1960’s, of major advanced countries’ economy and the free trade of the IMF-GATT system, the export of Korea maintained the high expanding tendency of approximately 33% per annum throughout 1960’s and 1970’s and has played a leading role in the high growth of 8% annually. The developed countries, however, which have taken the flat measures of trade restriction under the pretext of the two oil shocks and the deterioration of international payments together with the abrupt change of international trade environment since early 1970’s, not only have given severe ordeals to the developing countries including Korea, but have checked the development of international economy as well. These measures of import restriction mostly consist of such non-tariff barriers as the intensification of import quota, the introduction of import minimum price system, and the coercion of self-imposed control on the exporting countries; in the past, the target items were mainly limited to the light industry products including consumer goods, but now that the export of capital-and technique-intensified heavy industry products has widely increased, the import regulation has been recently extended to these heavy industry goods and some ultramodern industry ones. It has caused a considerable obstacle to the strategy of firmly tamp the export basis of heavy industry products and to highly advance the structure of export merchandise. Accordingly, Korea was as of the end of June 1984 restricted by the 19 advanced countries headded by U.S.A. to the export of 165 substaintal export items including textile goods, footewar, steel and electronic manufactures. At this point of time that the import regulation barrier of advanced countries has been thus intensified, it is regarded as an urgent task how to effectively overcome this wall of import regulation imposed on Korea which has an outside-directed economic structure dependent on the exportation for more than 30% of its national gross product and has exploited its export markets exclusively in U.S.A. and Japan. This essay, therefore, is aimed at inquiring into the properties and characteristics of New Protectionism in general, and the background of its intensification. To be this, this writer tried to generalize its concrete phenotypes, with an emphasis on non-tariff barriers, together with an emphasis on non-tariff barriers, together with its recent tendency and then to investigate the present situation of import regulation per item imposed by advanced countries on Korea, and lastly to provide the Korean industry with its countermeasures as a conclusion of this essay, which are summarized as follows. 1. To strengthen the trade diplomacy with importing countries more than ever 2. To endeavor at the diversification of importing countries to the utmost 3. To convert the export of technique-intensified merchandise having high value added 4. To establish the diversification of export merchandise 5. To build up a system of cooperative-work specialization between large-and mediumsize enterprises from the aspect of industrial strategy 6. To build up a marketing strategy polished and mature 7. To establish the anti-dumping and offset tariff suit recently arising from time to time in the advanced countries headed by U.S.A. 8. To get rid of the excessive competition among domestic enterprises in the foreign markets by establishing a sound export order 9. To promote the positive economic policy of the open door