戰後日本의 貿易政策

Japanese Trade Policy in Post-War(1940-1970)

Each trade policy has its own economic effects as explained in section Ⅱ. The detailed economic effects of each trade policy were summarized in Table 1 and 2 of section Ⅱ. The growth of trade in Japan after world war Ⅱis will characterized by the difference between the export growth rate and the import growth rate. The export growth rate was much higher than the import growth rate. Both export growth were strongly influenced by various trade policies. Especially, the trade policies designed to stimulate export but to restrict import played very important roles in the growth of Japaness trade. Income elasticity of demand for exportables and importables affects the trade pattern and trade policies of each country. In Japan, the difference between income elasticities of demand for exportables and importables was very high. This difference also played important roles in the growth of Japanese trade. In this study, the process of trade growth in Japan was divided into two stages. One stage in period of recovery, and other stage is the period of growth. The period of recovery is characterized by the active and intensive export-drive policies. During this period, export was heavily subsidized while import was restricted. In the period of high growth that is the post-1960 period, many direct trade restriction policies were replaced by tariff policies. But most of tariff rates were still high. Furthermore, tariff policies were complimented by non-tariff policies. The Japanese trade ploicies were explained in section Ⅲand Ⅳ in a great detail. As explained in section Ⅱ, many policies applied in the period of recovery were in lack of consistency, and used financial policy instruments. By contrast, many policies applied in the period of high growth pursued free trade because Japan became a member of GATT. However, as pointed out in section Ⅳin some details, these policies were nothing but the flexible operation of non-tariff policies employed in order to respond to changes in external economic environments.