[수상제민주주의 : Kanzler-Demokratie] 제2차 세계 대전에서 패한 후 1948 년 9월 1일 이 후 독일 라인강변의 자그마한 수도 본(Bonn)에서는 65명의 지방의회 대표자로 구성된, 기 본법제정협의회(Parlamentarischer Rat: 1948년 9월 1일 - 1949년 5월 8일)가 탄생되었다.1) 헌법제정의 정책적 측면에서 본(Bonn)기본법제정협의회에서 논의 되었던 최대의 쟁 점은 어떠한 헌법구조를 채택하는 것이 히틀러(A. Hitler)와 같은 독재자의 출현을 방지할 수 있을까 하는 점에 착안하여, 이러한 독재자의 출현을 가능하게 했던 바이마르(Weimar)공화국 시대(1919-1933)의 ‘의원내각제(Das parlamentarische Regierungssystem)’ 정부의 헌법규정의 문 제점, 그리고 바이마르(Weimar) 시대의 정치현실(Verfassungswirklichkeit)에서 수시적․항구적 으로 발생하였던 정부위기(Regierungskrise)2)를 예방하기 위해서는 어떠한 헌법질서(Verfassungsordnung)를 구축하여야 하는가 하는 것이 최대의 쟁점이었다. “본(Bonn)은 결코 바이마르(Weimar)가 되어서는 안된다(Bon sollte nicht Weimar werden)”는 명제하에, 이를 위하여 본(Bonn) 기 본법의 아버지(Verfassungsväter)들은 다음과 같은 기본이념(Grundprinzip)을 새로운 헌법 제정(Verfassunggebung)에 반영하였다
I. 서론 ·······························································································································5
II. 수상선출방식 ·············································································································8
III. 기본법 제63조 제1항, 제2항의 문제점 ··································································11
IV. 제2차 선거(제63조 제3항)의 문제점 ····································································20
V. 제3차 선거 제63조 제4항-소수정부 보호 제도 ·····················································24
VI. 수상퇴임:평상적 수상퇴임 및 위기적 수상퇴임(선출) ·········································28
VII. 건설적 수상불신임제도의 특징 ············································································30
VIII. 맺음말 ····················································································································56