The Effectiveness of Problem-Solving Therapy Program in Suicide Prevention for the Depressed Elderly Living Alone

This study used the quasi-experimental research design to examine the effectiveness of problem-solving therapy (PST) for the depressed elderly people living alone as a suicidal high-risk group. PST was conducted for the experimental group, both the experimental and control groups were subjected to pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test on depression and social problem-solving ability. The effectiveness of PST was verified by repeated measurement variance analysis and t-test. PST was found effective in reducing depression and its effect continued until the follow-up test. PST strengthened social problem-solving ability and rational problem-solving style, but reduced negative problem orientation and impulsive/avoidant problem-solving style, but their effects did not persist in the follow-up test. In conclusion, PST was found suitable to prevent suicide for the depressed elderly living alone, and thus PST training programs should be expanded for social workers and follow-up management should be carried out for PST participants.