대한민국외교조직의창설: 정치외교지도자들의인식을중심으로

The Establishment of the ROK Diplomatic Organizations: Focusing on the Cognition of Political Diplomatic Leaders

대한민국수립이전부터정치외교지도자들은미국중심의세계적흐름을 공유하며인식을구체화했다. 정치외교지도자들은미국에대해첫째, 해방이전부터 코리아문제에적극적으로개입해주기를기대했다. 둘째, 해방이후미소공동위원회의활동과미국주도의좌우합작에대해서강하게비판했다. 셋째, 대한민국의 승인 이후 미국의 지속적인 지원이 이루어져야 한국의 공산화가 방지될 것이라는 논리를 내세웠다. 공산주의에 대해서 장택상은 공산주의자들의 테러 속에서 좌우합작은 이남지역을 공산화시킬 것이라며 물리력을 동반한반공인식을나타냈다. 임병직은이승만과마찬가지로역사적이해와비교정치적맥락에서반공인식을견지하고있었다. 변영태는중국은소련으로, 일본은미국으로편입되어전세계가두개의세력권으로재편될것이며이에 따른코리아의공산화가능성을분석적으로인식했다. 한국외교조직은미국, 아시아, 유럽에대한인식과강한반공인식에기반해서설계되었다. 서구의사상적흐름을수용한장택상의지시로미국과일본에서유학한실무자들이외교직제를설계했다. 직제구성은일본과유사했고, 미주, 아시아, 유럽담당과(課)가설치됐다. 임병직은안보적, 경제적문제해결을위한대미외교를적극적으로실시했고, 세계각국과교섭하여정부승인에 집중했다. 대한민국 초기 정치외교지도자들은 구체화된 지역인식을 견지하며, 외교활동의실무와정책등에서특정한성과를남겼다.

Prior to the establishment of the Republic of Korea, political and diplomatic leaders have shared an understanding of the global trends involving the United States. First, political diplomatic leaders anticipated the United States to actively intervene in the Korean issue before the liberation. Second, they strongly criticized the activities of the US-USSR Joint Commission and the US-led Right-Left Coalition movement after the liberation. Third, they argued that the continual support of the United States after the recognition of the Republic of Korea by the UN would prevent Korean communization. With respect to communism, Chang Taek-sang expressed the anti-communism using physical force against the terror of the communists, saying that the Left-Right Coalition Committee would communize the south region. Like Syngman Rhee, Brian Lim maintained an anti -communist position based on a historical understanding and the comparative political context. Pyon Yong-tae analytically recognized the possibility of communism in Korea as the world would be reorganized into two entities, the US and the Soviet Union. ROK diplomatic organizations were designed based on the cognition on the US, Asia, Europe and strong anti-communism. Practitioners studying in the United States and in Japan designed diplomatic structure under the direction of Chang Taek-sang, who accepted the ideological flow of the West. The organizational structure was similar to that of Japan, with the creation regional divisions responsible for the America, Asia and Europe. Brian Lim actively pursued diplomacy with the United States to resolve security and economic problems, and negotiated with countries around the world for the recognition of the Republic of Korea by the UN. The early political and diplomatic leaders of the Republic of Korea maintained the specific cognition on the region and anti-communism, and made particular achievements in the practice of diplomatic activities and policymaking.