피에르 쥐리외(Pierre Jurieu)의 정치사상

Pierre Jurieu’s Political Thought

The purpose of this thesis is to study the political thought of a Huguenot in the 17th century, that is Pierre Jurieu. And To try to think relevance between his political thought and Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. Jurieu, called as the representative of the Huguenot’s political thought, set off his own political thought through Lettres pastorales aux fideles qui gemissent sous la captivite de Babylone. They were the letters to the Huguenots who were persecuted by Louis ⅩⅣ while he was in exile to the Netherlands. Through three letters, he defended the rights of the people referring to the miserable lives of the Huguenot and their resistance at that time. To defend the right of resistance, firstly he set forth “popular sovereignty.” He indicates that the sovereignty is on the people born free and equal in God’s creation. Accordingly, the sovereignty to put up the king and put him down is on the people. Secondly, when the people put up the king, they conceded the sovereignty to him. It means the mutual contract is established between the people and the king. According to this contract, the responsibility is established mutually, which means the people voluntarily give up some rights in return for the protection of the king for them. If one of them neglects the responsibility, the contract will be dismissed. Accordingly, the sovereignty of the king is not unlimited, it is valid in the condition that the king protects the people. If the king doesn’t protect the people, the contract will be dismissed and the people will not need to obey the king. As the alternative, they can resist to protect their rights. This political thought of Jurieu is similar to Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen in French Revolution. The essential contents, Article 1, 2, 3 are the examples. In French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the citizen, Article 1 gives the clear demonstration about the right of freedom and the equal right(Men ar born and remain free and equal in rights). And Article 2 demonstrates cleary about the right of resistance(The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights ar liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression). And also Article 3 demonstrates about the sovereignty of the people(The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation). Such articles are similar to Jurieu’s sovereignty of the people, mutual contract and the right of resistance. But there are several differences between Jurieu’s thought and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. Jurieu’s thought has periodical limits on the aspects such as its neglecting of the right of private possession, its absence of recognition on the freedom of conscience, its recognition about the monarchy as the best system and its putting the public interest before the individual freedom. Certainly, through Jurieu’s political thought, it became very clear that Sovereignty of the people, the right of resistance, the freedom and the equal right were not the products of the 18th century. But we will be able to make sure whether the political thought of the Huguenot represented by Jurieu’s thought is the origin of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen or not, after studying how it overcame the limit of the 17th century through the observation on the events and the thoughts from 1689 to 1789.