17-18세기 프랑스의 교육과 교육공간 문제

The Study of French Education and the Spaces of Education in 17-18th Century

The spaces of education that French religious orders and churches got contributed to establishing Christianity identity and to raising men of ability who the country and the society needed. Therefore, there were schools for men like 117 Jesuits, 72 Oratorians, 79 Lazaristes, and 48 the fathers of the Christian Doctrines in 1710s. As they were entrusted to the clergymen and associations, like incorporated schools , and maintained by contributions and charity funds, the schools could get independent statues from the religious orders and the country. Although enlargement of the spaces of education helped establish schools and popularize education, there were many examples that the schools were closed by the country. That s because it was connected to extension of religious orders power directly or indirectly. It was the most serious abuse of the results caused by sectarian strives. For example, most of 124 colleges founded by the Society of Jesus in 1762 was closed or transferred to other sects because of different ideology from Sorbonne. At that time, the only education of the Society of Jesus accepted by the Oratorians could remain. Especially, as though Madame de Maintenon s girls school was founded by Maintenon with the support of Louis 14 for the poor noble girls, it was more developed Catholic education than before. It suggested a new model of the education of girls. Expansion of the spaces of education in Ancien Regime days was advanced slowly for the necessity of social change. But the traditional study that educational reform and enlargement of the spaces of education in that age were weaker than those of the French Revolution age or didn t exist has to be reconsidered. Philosophes such as J. J. Rousseau and Condorcet contributed to development of the reformation of education by presenting models for the system of public education. France had more obstacles and more serious oppositions than any other country, when it admitted and performed the value of new educational system. That phenomenon was continued to 19th century, after it passed through French Revolution and reached to Napoleon s days. But there is no objection against the opinion that France recognized the importance of education better than any other country and got the educational system developed. Many countries that were affected by French educational ideology moved in the way philosophes in 18th century pursued. Even the countries that didn t accept French Revolution expanded French type of the spaces of education. It was possible due to the capacity of the spaces of education that was extended in Ancien Regime days.