니체의 시민사회 비판과 대안

Nietzsche s Critique of Bourgeois Society and alternative Proposal

The purpose of this paper is to examine Nietzsche s critiques of Bourgeois Society and alternative Proposal. Nietzsche s critiques of Bourgeois Society was very negative. Nietzsche s nihilism defines the collapse of all existing values which estimated very highly. Especially it criticizes and subverts the universal systems of metaphysics. Nietzsche s concept of nihilism offers us the means of criticizing liberal concept of man. According to Nietzsche, the liberal notion of man depends on the Christian concept of human nature which is based on the metaphysical Christian world view. Therefore, like the Christian concept of human nature the liberal notion of man are metaphysical and abstracted from empirical practices which constitute the subjectivity. From the standpoint of the liberal concept of human nature, social relations between human beings has always been taken to be individualistic and moral relations. Individualism in some form or other has usually been regarded by liberals as axiom of any theory of values. Also, While Burckhardt saw the beginnings of modernity in the history of Renaissance Italy, its climax or crisis point was reached during the French Revolution. Here once and for all, the individual was cut off from the past and all restorations were more or less made futile. It was not just that traditional institutions and inherited world views were destroyed. For Burckhardt the crisis ran much deeper. The dynamic but ultimately harmonious relationship between the subject and the object which had characterized Renaissance genius had been destroyed. replaced during the French Revolution by a new stance toward reality, the modem objective Bewuβtsein. Nietzsche tries to formulate how can humans be subjects of actions, historically effective and free individuals in this world without any metaphysical grounds. Nietzsche intends that subjectivity developed in historically situated conditions. And this is what the concept of will to power means. This is not what Nietzsche s politics is. but this is the kind of political philosophy one can acquire from the reconstruction of this concept of nihilism. Nietzsche tries to formulate how can humans be subjects of actions, historically effective and free individuals in this world without any metaphysical grounds. Nietzsche intends that subjectivity is developed in historically situated conditions.