전자감독제도 도입 10주년 계기 운영 성과와 발전 전망에 관한 연구 -첨단 IoT 기술의 적용을 중심으로-

A Study on the Operational Performance and the Development Prospects to celebrate the 10th anniversary of Electronic Monitoring System - Focused on the application of cutting edge IoT technology -

본 연구는 2008년 우리나라에 전자감독제도가 도입된 후 10년간의 운영성과를 분석하고 향후 발전 전망을 모색하는데 의의가 있다. 한국 전자감독 제도는 성폭력 범죄 등 강력범죄자의 재범을 억제하기 위한 특별한 형사정책으로 도입이 되었다. 제도 운영 결과 교도소 수용비용의 1/5에 불과한 비용으로 동종 재범률을 1/7로 낮추는 효과를 거두었다. 또한 전자감독 대상자의 준수사항 위반도 일반 보호관찰 대상자에 비해 낮아 교화 및 개선 효과도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이런 성과를 바탕으로 최근 법무부에서는 제4차 산업혁명 첨단 IoT기술을 적용하여 제도 운영 상 나타났던 기존의 문제점을 개선해나가는 한편 전자감독의 신 영역을 발굴하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 개발 중인 전자감독 장치와 운영시스템을 살펴보고 향후 전자감독 제도의 적용영역을 확대하면서 가장 고려되어야 할 가치와 방향을 제언하였다.

This essay seeks to analyze 10 years of operational performance of Korea’s Electronic Monitoring System(EMS) since it was first introduced in 2008, and identify future development prospects of. The Electronic Monitoring System(EMS) was introduced as a special criminal policy for the purpose of effectively controlling the recidivism of violent criminals including sex offenders. The special criminal policy has achieved excellent results in two aspects. The rate of recidivism was reduced to one-seventh at a cost equivalent to one-fifth of prison incarceration leading to significant improvements in social security and social costs due to crimes. In addition, offenders under EMS during probation exhibit lower rates of probation term violations leading to greater chances of rehabilitation and betterment. On the other hand, increasing EMS workload can lead to a situation where there is a serious shortage of probation manpower. Also, some scholars have raised mental health issues due to the stress experienced by monitored offenders. As a way to alleviate this problem, it has been suggested to reduce the size and weight of EM devices which offenders need to attach to their ankles and thus minimize inconveniences to their daily lives. Based on these results, recently, the Ministry of Justice is trying to find new areas for electronic supervision while addressing problems that have emerged from the deployment of EMS by utilizing advanced IoT technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution. By introducing AI(Artificial Intelligence) and sensor technologies to electronic monitoring devices, the possibility of human rights infringement can be reduced through the implementation of intelligent electronic supervision and device miniaturization. BDA(Big Data Analysis) in conjunction with AI can be used to formulate a strategy for preemptively preventing repeat offenders. In the future, the application scope of EMS may extend beyond the current four major violent crimes to all types of crimes. This is due to two new criminal policies being prepared to be introduced by the Ministry of Justice. One is the Home Detention through EMS that aims to solve the problem of overcrowding in prisons, and the other is “Two-way Electronic Tracking System” that will protect victims of crime. This paper examines the electronic supervision devices currently in development as well as systems in operation, and based on subsequent analysis proposes the most important value and future direction that need to be considered when expanding the application scope of EMS programs. That value is human-centered fairness, meaning more effort will be required to balance the protection of human rights of offenders, victims of crime, and general citizens during the process of developing EMS.