미국 학교정원운동(School Garden Movement)의 발전과정

The Historical Development of the School Garden Movement in the USA

The primary purpose of this study is to find out some implications for the school gardening programs in Korea by examining the philosophical background and the historical development of the school garden movement in the USA. The study results find that the school garden movement had been emerged from the philosophical backgrounds shaped by the educational ideas in European progressive education and American Nature-Study movement in the late nineteenth century. The development of the American school garden movement has clearly demonstrated a process of its formation, decline, and revival. The school garden movement from 1891 to 1914 had been driven by national efforts for school reform purposes. Then the school gardens from 1914 to 1918 had been replaced for the purpose of food production in the midst of the First World War. The school garden movement began to diminish after the end of the war, and the advancement of technology in the 1950s even pushed it in its extinction. However the school garden movement has been resurged to be widespread from 1990s due to the following efforts both to resolve the problems of childhood obesity and nature-deficit, and to improve academic achievements. The following implications from this study are suggested for the school gardening programs in Korea. First, the purpose of the school garden must be clarified. Second, the school garden curriculum integrated with school subjects must be developed. Third, it is necessary to have a pioneering leadership to make the school garden movement widespread. Fourth, it is required to have partnership in various fields to facilitate successfully the school gardens in their school settings. Finally, it is also demanded a flexible school gardening model suitable to its own community and school context.