Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Techniques in Congenital Cataracts

Purpose: To investigate the general clinical features of congenital cataracts and to determine their relationship to visual prognosis and surgical complications according to age at operation and surgical procedure adopted. Method: We retrospectively evaluated 92 eyes in 61 patients with congenital cataracts who underwent cataract surgery between January 1996 and December 2006. The demographic data, surgical technique, post&#8208;operative complications, and final visual prognosis were evaluated. Results: The average age at surgery was 3.17 years (range 1 month to 11 years), and the mean follow&#8208;up was 40.02 months (range 6 to 46 months). Of the 56 eyes that could be checked for visual acuity after cataract extraction, 29 (51.7%) had a BCVA of ≥0.5 at last visit. Unilateral congenital cataracts (p=0.025) and congenital cataracts with strabismus (p=0.019) showed significantly poorer visual outcomes. Patients with nystagmus also experienced a poor visual outcome; 6 patients (67%) had a BCVA of <0.1. Posterior cataracts had the worst visual prognosis (p=0.004). No statistically significant differences in posterior capsular opacity (p=0.901) or synechia formation (p=0.449) were observed between surgical techniques, but children younger than one year showed a higher tendency for PCO and synechia formation. Conclusions: Anterior vitrectomy did not reduce postoperative complications. Higher rates of complications(PCO, posterior synechia) developed in children younger than one year of age. Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 22(2):87-91, 2008