거룩: 그 신학적 의의와 실천적 삶

Holiness: Its Theological Significance and Daily Life

이 논문은 거룩의 개념을 하나님 경험, 곧 소명과 관련하여 성서 신학적으로 논의하고, 그 실체의 신비와 두려움은 과학적으로 설명되지 않기에 종교사회학적으로 분석하는데 그 의의가 있다. 이 글에 전제된 두 가지 사실을 염두에 두어야 한다. 하나는 이스라엘에게 거룩은 하나님 체험과 관련된 개념이며, 다른 하나는 거룩이 그분의 본성을 가리킨다는 점이다. 위의 전제를 근거로 세 가지 관점을 심도 있게 토론하게 된다. 첫째, 거룩의 어원을 살펴보고, 그 경험의 현상학적인 이해를 돕는 몇 가지 이론을 소개하고, 둘째, 구약성서는 거룩의 경험을 어떻게 반영하고 이해하고 있는지를 상세히 다루고, 마지막으로 가장 중요한 점은 거룩을 추상적, 교리적 의미라기보다 실천적인 삶에 투영한 사실들을 다룬다.

The idea of Holiness is in general regarded as moral perfection. In the Hebrew Bible, the concept contains another distinctive element, which is, ritual sense as divine power. Otto explains this phenomena as “numinous” which is a non-rational, non-sensory experience or feeling from outside the self. For him, it cannot define in terms of other concept or experience. Now the Holiness in the Hebrew Bible is close to numinous, divine experience which is beyond the ethical sphere. It is easy to explain Holiness as a personal experience or calling. However, holy is accomplished by a proper worship or by following the Torah in daily life. Otherwise, a particular person can obtain the exclusive possession of the conception of Holiness. Holiness in the Hebrew Bible is not only limited as an individual experience, but also opened to the public. The Book of Leviticus is a general report about the concept of Holiness. As Rudolf Otto says, Leviticus is regarded as a core of the Hebrew Bible. To be sure, the Hebrew Bible teaches the idea of Holiness not to limit as a personal experience or life, but to share it with the community. It means that Holiness is followed by spontaneous commitment that is voluntarily, like Wach mentions. On the other hand, for Milgrom Holiness includes much more concrete and dynamic practice. To sum up Holiness; 1) It is given for all of Israel without any condition, 2) It is an order to follow the Torah, 3) Israelite needs to participate it in general life regardless of individual or community, holy or profane. This is practical life following ‘imitatio Dei,’ another aspect of Holiness. As discussed above, Holiness needs two ways, mutual holy invites unholy Israel to divine essence, numinous. Divine holy is based on compassion ( רחו ם : Exodus 34:6). As a result, Holiness is an order for Israel, on the contrary, invitation for God toward His or Her essence.