차자(借字)표기 방식에 의한‘석도=독도’설 입증

본고는 1900년 대한제국 칙령 제41호에 나온‘석도’가‘독도’임을 차자표기방식을 통해 입증하려는 것이다. 예로부터 한자지명은 토착의 우리말을 뜻 혹은 음에 따라 한자로 표기하는 훈차(訓借) 혹은 음차(音借)방식에 의해 표기되어 왔고, ‘石島’나‘獨島’도 이 방식을 따른 것이다. ‘石島’는 ‘돌섬’의 방언인‘독섬’에서 훈을 취해 표기한 것이고, ‘獨島’는‘독섬’에서‘독’음을 취해 표기한 것이라는 것이 통설이었다. 이에 지명자료에서 ‘石’과‘獨’자가들어간지명을조사해본결과,‘ 돌’을‘石’으로훈차한 지명은 전라도뿐만 아니라 다른 지역에서도 일반적임이 밝혀졌다. ‘독’을 ‘石’으로 훈차한 경우라도‘독’이‘돌’의 의미를 지니고 있으므로‘돌’의 방언임이 입증되었다. 이런 용례는 전라도뿐만 아니라 경상도와 충청도에서도 확인되었다. 다만‘독’을‘石’으로 표기한 용례는 전라남도에 가장 많이 보이고, ‘독’을‘獨’으로 표기한 용례는 경상도에서 주로 보였다. 그런데 개척 이후 경상도인과 강원도의 입도가 진행됨에 따라 이들 언어방식의 영향을 받아‘독도’의 의미가‘돌섬(독섬)’에서 점차‘외딴 섬’의 의미로 변화되어가고 있었다.

This thesis is written for the purpose of proving the argument that ‘Seokdo’ is ‘Dokdo’ depending on the Chinese character Borrowing System in Korea. This geographical name ‘Seokdo’ is shown in the Chingnyeong (Imperial Ordinance) No. 41 of The Korean Empire in 1900. Since early times, the place name of the Chinese character has been designated by the system of changing the native Korean name borrowing the pronunciation and the translation of a Chinese character. The name of ‘Seokdo’ and ‘Dokdo’ also followed this system. ‘Seokdo’ was designated borrowing the translation of a Chinese character from ‘Dok(독)’, the dialect meaning the rock island. ‘Dokdo’ was designated borrowing ‘Dok(獨)’ in ‘Dok island’, the Korean pronunciation of a Chinese character. These opinions have been commonly accepted in Korea. According to the through investigation of all local names with ‘Seok’ and ‘Dok’, it is revealed that the local names calling ‘Rock’ ‘Seok(石)’ borrowing the translation of a Chinese character have been commonly used in both Jeolla Province and other Provinces. It is proved that ‘Dok’ is the dialect of ‘Rock’ because ‘Dok(독) means ‘Rock’ in case of calling ‘Dok’ ‘Seok’ borrowing the translation of Chinese character. These cases are widely found in not only Jeolla Province but also Gyeongsang and Chungcheong Province. The cases of designating ‘Dok’ as ‘Seok’ are most shown in Jeollanamdo Provnce and the cases of designation ‘Dok’ in Korean character as ‘Dok’ in Chinese character are mainly shown in Gyeongsang Province. In addition, Since Gyeongsang and Gangwon Province people went in and out after the reclamation, the meaning of ‘Dokdo’ has been changed from ‘rock island’ to ‘lonely island’ being affected by their lingual method.