지방교육자치에 관한 법률 관련 헌법소원 분석

A Study on the cases of the Constitutional Court about Act on Local educational autonomy

이 논문은 지방교육자치에 관한 법률과 관련하여 제기된 총 17건 헌법소원(권리구제형 14, 위헌심사형 3)을 분석한 것이다. 최근 이 법의 개정으로 제주특별자치도에서 도입된 주민직선형 선거제와 지방의회 통합형 교육위원회제가 15개 시도로 확대되는 시점에서 지금까지의 헌법적합성에 대한 논란을 재검토하여 입법정책의 방향을 제시하고자 시도되었다. 먼저 헌법적합성 판단의 준거를 지방교육자치제도에 관한 헌법정신과 기본권 제한의 한계 기준 등을 기준으로 관련 헌법재판의 특징을 교육위원의 지위, 선출방법, 입후보 및 선거운동 제한 영역으로 나누어 분석하고 관련 규정의 개정에 대하여 논의하였다. 특히 제주특별자치도의 1년여에 걸친 시범운영에 대한 연구자의 연구결과 및 의견조사결과를 반영하였다. 결론으로 관련 규정의 헌법 적합성에 대한 평가와 개정 방향 및 우선적 과제를 제언하였다.

The purpose of this study is to suggest the direction of legislation policy in the revision of `Act on local educational autonomy` and educational autonomy system. This task means the process of verification about `Constitutional validity` at the Act on local educational autonomy under the spirit of Constitution. For this, I analyzed seventeen cases of Judgment among the constitutional Complaint. At the chapterⅡ, I described the general criterion of coincidence to the spirit of Constitution. According to the Constitutional Court, The Constitutional essence of the educational autonomy system is to equally guarantee the value of democracy, local autonomy, and independency of education. So, the educational autonomy system is based on the Article 31④(Independence, professionalism and political impartiality of education and the autonomy of institutions of higher learning shall be guaranteed under the conditions as prescribed by law) and Article 117,118(local autonomy) of Constitution. And the criterion of limiting the basic rights is the Article 37(The freedoms and rights of citizens may be restricted by law only when necessary for national security, the maintenance of law and order or for public welfare. Even when such restriction is imposed, no essential aspect of the freedom or right shall be violated). At the chapterⅢ and Ⅳ, I analyzed the characteristics in the cases of the Constitutional Court. The cases can be divided into four types, the legal status of educational board, method of voting, limitation of candidates`s career, and election campaign. As a conclusion, I reviewed entirely the Constitutional validity of the seventeen Constitutional cases. and I suggested the direction of revising the Act on local educational autonomy. Finally, I emphasized the importance of practical autonomy which we feel at our community and school. And, it is a top priority tasks that organize the Educational committee(in Local council) into all educational career members.