近代日本語の｢－的｣の近代韓国語に おける受容 ｢－的｣の語構成の原理を中心に

Acceptance of the Modern Japanese Chinese Suffix “-Teki (的)” in Modern Korean The Principle of Word Formation

In this paper, I analyze the principle of the composition of the “-teki (的)” suffix of modern Korean and the composition of the language with a focus on the aspect of the composition of “-teki (的)” in Japanese and Korean. In Japanese and Korean, the suffix “-teki (的)” has different stems. I also examine the background of such a phenomenon in Korean. In addition, Japanese and Korean use the suffix “-teki (的)” with the same stem but with different meanings, and the reason for such a phenomenon is clarified. The results are summarized as follows. 1) First of all, the suffix “-teki (的)” in modern Korean language was borrowed from vernacular Chinese literature, and the principle of existing language composition such as “Chinese adjective + hada (하다)” was borrowed from modern Japanese “teki (的)”. Secondly, there is the coexistence of “-teki (的)” such as “Chinese noun + ida (이다)”, which introduces the principle of language composition that modern Japanese had at the system level. However, as the use of “-teki (的)” stabilized and expanded, the latter became the main usage of “-teki (的)” in modern Korean. 2) The reason why the word “-teki (的)”, which is impossible or unnatural in Japanese but widely used in Korean, is explained in the following. First, in modern Korean, there is not only the “-teki (的)” of the vocabulary level from modern Japanese, but also the system of “Chinese noun + teki”, which the principle of language construction introduced. Therefore, in Korean, based onsuch a language composition system, it became possible to produce “-teki (的)” more freely than in Japanese. In addition, the original Japanese adjectival noun (形容動詞) has a strong noun character because the adjectival noun (形容動詞) of Japanese, which cannot be attached to “-teki (的)”, was easy to apply to the principle of word composition with “Chinese noun + affix” in Korean. 3) “-teki (的)”’ is a versatile lexical item that performs a semantic function by selecting any one of the various attributes, meanings, and abstract concepts of a stem. Therefore, even though the word “-teki (的)” has the same stem, it cannot be asserted that the suffix has the same meaning in both Korean and Japanese.