에도시대 문학과 돌팔이 의사 소고* - 17∼18세기 산문문학을 중심으로 -

A Short Thinking on Quacks’ Characters Described in the Literature Written in the Edo era - Focusing on the Proses Written from the 17th to the 18th Centuries -

本研究は十七~十八世紀の日本散文文学に薮医者が頻繁に描かれていた 点に着目し、その具体的な様相と社会文化的背景を理解しようとするもの である。研究の結果、仮名草子、噺本、浮世草子、談義本及び滑稽本、黄 表紙など、ほとんどの散文のジャンルに薮医者の姿は描かれていた。ただ し、黄表紙は後続のジャンルであるため藪医者の姿は頻繁には確認でき ず、これに比し噺本には多数の類型的薮医者が描かれ、後続のジャンルに 影響を与えたと見受けられた。 本研究で確認した薮医者たちは、多く無学で経済的欲望に溺れている類 型として描かれ、十八世紀後半になると忌避の対象にまで陥った職業群で あった。これは十七世紀以来、日本の散文文学が薮医者を描き続け、医師 の倫理的問題や医療の社会的矛盾などに関する批判意識を描き、その批判 意識を育み流布し続けた結果である。このような十七~十八世紀の日本散 文文学の特徴は、いよいよ現代の医療関連の社会的葛藤や問題に文学が成 すべき役割を示唆的に示すものと見受けられる。

This study focuses on the quacks’ characters described in the literature written in the Edo era, especially from the 17th to the 18th centuries to understand the reason why they were so often described in the proses in those days. The quacks’ characters were described in the Kanazoushi, Hanashibon, Ukiyozoushi, Dangibon, Kokkeibon, and Kibyoushi. But they were barely described in Kibyoushi because it was written in the late Edo era. In contrast, in Hanashibon, the quacks’ characters were often described so that the other genre followed it. And the quacks described in the proses written from the 17th to the 18th centuries were ignorant and greedy because they had no economic fence. The proses written from the 17th to the 18th centuries kept showing the quacks’characters so the people could be aware of the quacks unethical and the contradiction.