Q 복음서 가설의 전승사적 전제들에 대한 재고

Reconsideration of Tradition-Historical Presuppositions of Q Gospel Hypothesis

최근에 Q를 단지 마태와 누가의 공통자료로 취급하는 것을 넘어서서 하나의 독립된 그리고 완결된 복음서로 보는 학자들이 많이 있다. Q를 하나의 독립되고 완결한 문서로 보는 것은 Q를 전승사적으로 최종적인 결과물로서의 Q 복음서를 복원할 수 있다는 전제에 근거하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 최근 복음서 연구는 예수 전승이단일방향적으로 전달되었다기보다는 양방향적으로 전달되었을 가능성을 보여준다. 양방향적으로 Q 자료가 형성되었다면, 그것은 구두Q와 기록 Q로 그리고 아람어 Q와 헬라어 Q로 전달되고 있었을 가능성이 크다.

Many scholars have recently considered Q as Q Gospel rather than a Q source which is a common material found in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. The Q Gospel hypothesis implies that Q material can be reconstructed completely as the end product in the sense of tradition-historical criticism. The presupposition of the theory is based on the unidirectionality hypothesis of transmission of Jesus and Gospel traditions. That is, the directionalities of the transmission of Jesus and Gospel traditions are unidirectional from Judaeo-Palestinian traditions into Hellenized city traditions, from oral traditions into written traditions, and from Aramaic traditions into Greek traditions, not vice versa. Recent Gospel Studies, however, shows the possibility that Jesus and Gospel traditions were transmitted not unidirectionally but interdirectionally between Judaeo-Palestinian traditions and Hellenized city traditions, between oral traditions and written traditions, and between Aramaic traditions and Greek traditions. This possibility raises a question of the tradition-historical presuppositions of the Q Gospel hypothesis as the end product. From the perspective of interdirectional transmission, if a Q material might have existed, the Q source could have been transmitted orally and in written forms and both in Aramaic and in Greek.