Age-related chronic inflammation is characterized by dysregulated inflammation that is not resolved by the multivariate low, chronic, and systemic inflammatory reactions that aggravate aging progression. A novel concept of senoinflammation proposes an age-related senescent inflammation, which is an integrated systemic view of chronic inflammation and metabolism. It discusses multiphase inflammatory networks and pro-inflammatory pathways in aging, including hyperactivation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling and persistent secretion of cytokines, chemokines and induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and lipids accumulation. Previously reporting evidence suggests that caloric restriction (CR) lowers oxidative stress and mediates anti-inflammatory action in age-related diseases, including metabolic syndrome and inflammatory diseases. This review focuses on senoinflammation and modulatory effects of CR, which is a well-known nutritional mediator of reduced energy intake. CR is known to increase maximum life expectancy and prevent age-related illnesses. Therefore, CR is well-accepted standard for aging intervention studies to discover the basic molecular mechanism of the original aging process. The current focus of CR research is on beneficial effects on decline in agerelated physiological functions and preventing and delaying age-related diseases. The development of the non-human and human CR research studies provides assuring possibility for the beneficial effects of CR on healthy aging. Some major issues in understanding the anti-aging mechanism in CR studies are the importance of modulating chronic inflammation at the molecular level and consequential gene expression regulation of chromatin and histone modification. Furthermore, beneficial effects of CR mimetics (CRM) are discussed in comparison with that of CR.
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