中国大气污染问题和改善方向

: 以甘肃省兰州市为中心

人类对自然环境的持续破坏, 致使全球大气污染变得日趋严重｡ 因大气污染产生的有害物质, 已经给人类的生命健康状态带来了现实性的危害和潜在的威胁｡ 中国大气污染问题随着工业化和城市化的进程而来, 主要是由于人类活动而引起的｡ 近些年, 虽然我国在大 气污染防治过程中已取得了一定的成效, 但是在防治过程中主要是以政府为主导的单向管理模式, 这种模式下易造成治理效率低下､ 治 理方式不合理等问题｡ 因此本文针对如何有效持久的防治大气污染以及政府､ 社会､ 企业､ 公众如何共同面临这一严峻问题为主要研 究方向, 一方面通过引用各类文献对我国治理大气污染政策的分析结果, 另一方面介绍了我国大气污染发生的原因及大气污染防治政 策的变化, 然后通过进一步分析曾是我国十大重污染城市之一的兰州市在大气污染防治过程中可以借鉴的启示点及应反思的问题点, 最 后指出中国对于未来防治大气污染问题应改善的方向：(1)各级地方政府之间加强合作交流, 保证各种设备､ 技术等资源的合理调配, 是大气污染成功治理的必要条件｡ (2)大气污染的首要污染源则是企业的工业生产活动, 但企业的发展也是促进地区经济发展的重要手 段之一｡ 因此在大气污染防治过程中也要兼顾企业的效益成本, 并考虑每个企业面临着的发展阻碍, 不能进行“一刀切”式的治理手段｡ (3)政府应注重关于环保信息的公开和真实性, 良好透明的社会环境有助于推动其他力量的汇聚｡ (4)保障公众参与环保防治的基本权利, 才能调动公众参与的积极性｡

The problem of air pollution in China comes along with the process of industrialization and urbanization, which is mainly caused by human activities. Recently, although China has achieved certain results in the process of air pollution prevention and control, it is mainly an one-way management mode dominated by the government in the process of prevention and control, which tends to cause problems such as low efficiency and unreasonable treatment methods. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is how to effectively prevent and control air pollution. On the one hand, this paper attempts to quote the analysis results of various literatures on China s air pollution control policies. On the other hand, this paper introduces the causes of air pollution and the changes of air pollution control policies in China. This article analyzes the problems that should be reflected in the process of air pollution control in Lanzhou, which was one of the ten most polluted cities in China. Finally, it points out the improvement directions for the prevention and control of air pollution in the future; (1) It is the time for local governments at all levels to strengthen cooperative exchanges and ensure the efficient allocation of various equipments, technologies and other resources. It is a necessary condition for successful control of air pollution. (2) Although the primary source of air pollution is the industrial activities of enterprises, the development of enterprises is also one of the important means to promote regional economic development. So, in the process of air pollution prevention and control, the benefits and costs of enterprises should also be taken into account, and the development obstacles faced by each enterprise should be considered. (3) It is necessary for the government to pay attention to the openness and authenticity of environmental information. It is no doubt that a good and transparent social environment helps to promote the convergence of other forces. (4) The basic right of the public to participate in environmental protection should be guaranteed as far as possible.