반사실성의 개념과 특성, 단일절에서의 언어화에 대하여

On the concepts, the properties, and the encoding strategies in a simple clause of ‘counterfactuality’

본 연구에서는 단일절에 표시되는 반사실성의 다양한 언어화 수단과 그 의미적ㆍ문법적 특성을 논의하였다. 이를 위해 범언어적 연구들에서 다루어진 유형과 사례를 검토하고 한국어의 경우를 조사하였다. 한국어의 단일절에서 반사실성은 전속 표지의 사용 또는 조건 구성의 탈종속화를 통해 언어화된 의미로서 표시되며, 한편 양태 (비현실법) 표지와 과거 시제 표지의 조합을 통해 화용론적 함축으로서 표시된다는 것을 확인하였다. 이렇듯 본 연구를 통해서 서로 다른 언어 층위에서 반사실성을 표시하는 다양한 구성이 있다는 사실, 그리고 모든 구성들이 양태 혹은 비현실법과 같은 잠재성을 표시하는 모종의 표지들과 관련된다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다.

This paper aims to investigate various linguistic strategies of counterfactuality in a simple clause and their semantic/ grammatical properties. First of all, a typology of counterfactuality in a simple clause was shown and some instances handled in cross-linguistic researches illustrated together. Then, it was particularly examined how counterfactuality appears in a simple clause in Korean. There are three types of counterfactual constructions; dedicated markers and conditional constructions in a level of encoded meaning, and constructions combining irrealis element and past tense marker in a level of pragmatic implicature. Through this inquiry, the two things which are worthy of being commented are confirmed. One is the fact that various constructions, which denote counterfactuality in a different linguistic level(semantic vs. pragmatic), are coexisting in Korean. The other is the fact that every construction is associated with a certain kind of marker involved in potentiality such as modality or irrealis; dedicated markers are concerned with emotive modality, conditional constructions and constructions referring to pretense are related to a domain of irrealis, and there are various markers belonging to a subtype of modality in combined constructions. This result could be interpreted from a perspective that potentiality triggers an implication of quantity as indicated in Van linden and Verstraete(2008).