18세기 대구지역 한 양반가의 일상의례, 喪禮와 祭禮

General Rituals and Funeral and Ancestral Rites in a Noble Family in Daegu in the 18th Century - Focused on Yeokjoongilgi (曆中日記, 1735~1786) written by Baekbulam, Heungwon Choi (百弗庵 崔興遠)

이 연구는 백불암 최흥원(1705~1786)의 『역중일기』를 중심으로 18세기 대구 한 양반가문의 상례와 제례에 대해 검토한 것이다. 상제례의 일반적인 절차와 과정은 대체로 『주자가례』와 크게 다르지 않았다. 그러나 그 구체적인 내용에 있어서는 적지 않은 차이를 발견할 수 있었다. 시묘살이와 齋戒가 그러했다. 전자는 『주자가례』에 없는 절차가 행해진 것이라면, 후자는 당시에 잘 실행되지 않았던 의식이었다. 엄격한 재계는 안으로는 싫어하여 기피하는 대상이었고, 밖으로는 홀로 고상해 한다는 세속의 비난을 감내해야만 했다. 이뿐 아니라 여러 경우에서 『주자가례』와 俗禮는 절충.타협할 수밖에 없었다. 미성자녀는 죽은 날에 염하여 다음날 입관 매장되었다. 노비들의 죽음도 많은 경우 3월장이거나 이보다 더 긴 5월장으로 치러졌다. 또 3년 상이 행해지기도 하였다. 이상에서 검토한 상제례는 18세기의 일반적인 사정이라기보다는 대구 지역 한 양반가의 사례라고 할 수 있다.

This study aimed to examine funeral and ancestral rites in a noble family in Daegu, South Korea in the 18th century, focusing on Yeokjoongilgi (曆中日記) written by Heungwon Choi (최흥원; 崔興遠; 1705~1786), whose pen name was Baekbulam (백불암; 百弗庵). The overall process and procedures of the funeral and ancestral rites written in Yeokjoongilgi were not far different from those written in Zhuzi Jiali (朱子家禮, The Family Rituals of Zhu Zi). The detailed content, however, showed significant differences in some cases such as simyosali (living by and mourning at the graves of parents for a significant amount of time) and jaegye (齋 戒, keeping and cleansing body and mind away from dirty things). Simyosali was not mentioned in Zhuzi Jiali , while jaegye was an unusual ritual back then. Strict jaegye was the one that people hated and wanted to avoid inside, but they had to endure criticism from others that they were snobbish at the same time. In addition to this, Zhuzi Jiali and customs in reality (俗禮) also had to compromise with each other in many cases. When children died under age, their bodies were cleaned and dressed on the day they died, and were placed in a casket and buried next day. When slaves died, their bodies were often buried three months after their death, or sometimes five months after their death. Sometimes the period of mourning lasted three years. The funeral and ancestral rites reviewed above can be understood as a case in a noble family in Daegu, not a general case in the 19th century.