17세기 湖西山林의 출처와 友道

A study on the roots and amicable friendship among Hoseo-sanrim in the 17th century

본고는 17세기 호서산림의 출처와 우의에 대해 알아보았다. 호서산림은 효종의 북벌정책에 참여하는 과정에서 서로 정치적 견해차가 있었고 예송논쟁을 벌이는 과정에서 오해와 갈등이 불거지기도 했다. 그러나 송시열, 송준길, 이유태, 윤선거 등은 친구로서 해야 할 도리를 저버리지 않으려고 최선을 다했다. 그들은 도의지교에 근원한 깊은 우정을 바탕으로 상호간에 충고해주고 걱정을 해주며 벗의 도리를 다하였다. 송시열은 준엄한 책선을 중시했고, 이유태는 친구 간에 의리를 중시했으며, 윤선거는 책선이 친구간의 도리이지만 포용적인 관대함을 중시하였다. 그 결과, 세 사람은 친구의 도리로서 해야 할 덕목은 큰 틀에서 같았지만 구체적인 실천 방법은 서로 달랐다. 그래서 표면상으로 볼 때 서로 지나친 충고나 책선으로 인해 감정의 골이 깊어져 우의를 상실한 것으로 비춰질 수 있지만 친구간의 우정을 지키려는 각자의 노력 덕분으로 이들의 생전에는 큰 문제없이 세상을 마쳤다.

This study closely examined the roots and the amicable friendship among Hoseo-Sanrim(a group of intellectuals from Hoseo regions-also known as Chungcheong provinces) existed in the seventeenth century of South Korea. There were multitudes of political conflicts one another through the developing process of participating in King Hyojong s policy to attack the north, the enlargement policy towards the North. In addition to these conflicts, misunderstandings and disputes often arose from political factions between westerners and southerners. However, Song Si-yeol, Lee Yu-tae, Yun Seon-geo, Song Jun-gil, and other scholars of the era did their best not to destroy the loyalty as friends. Based on the relationship deriving from morality and faithfulness, they willingly exchanged mutual advice and paid great attention to one another while taking full responsibility for clinging to the obligation of authentic friends. Song Si-yeol, in particular, laid great emphasis on commendableness in relation to his fellows, whereas Lee Yu-tae regarded commitment between friends as one of the crucial factors. Moreover, Yun Seon-geo took into consideration that commendableness should be positioned as an important duty practiced among friends, but he thought of extensive tolerance as the most indispensable key issue. As a consequence, these scholars shared the same virtues in the realm of responsibilities of friends, but greatly differed in terms of their specific practices. Accordingly, it comes as no surprise that they ostensibly seemed to lose their amicable friendship due to the entanglement of sophisticated feelings stemming from making an excessive amount of advice and commendableness. On the contrary, Hoseo-Sanrim scholars maintained an ordinary relationship with one another in their life on account of their own attempts to keep their long lasting friendship.