일제강점기(1911-40년) 공공투자의 효율성과 민간투자에 대한 영향의 관계구조

The Efficiency of Public Investment and Its Relationship Structure of Influence on Private Investment in Colonial era(1911-40)

본고는 일제강점기(1911-40) 조선내 공공투자의 생산효율성과 민간투자 유인효과를 인과관계로써 분석해 봄으로써, 일제의 조선식민통치의 경제적 의의를 규명해 본 것이다. 식민지기 조선의 공공투자는 주로 철도, 항만을 비롯한 사회자본스톡의 형성에 집중되었다. 그것은 단기적으로는 민간투자를 구축하고 민간의 가처분소득과 후생을 상당히 감소시켰다. 하지만 자본스톡의 지속적 축적은 장기적으로는 민간투자의 산업적, 시장적 기반을 조성하였다. 조선은 1인당투자액이 대만보다 훨씬 작았음에도, 총자본스톡의 형성은 대만보다 더 크고 생산적이었다. 이 자본스톡의 다량 형성이 1930년대부터 일본으로부터 대규모 투자를 가능케 했다. 그것이 1939년 전시경제체제로 되기 전까지 조선의 경제성장을 가능하게 했다. 일제의 조선통치의 본질은 자국의 이익을 위해 식민지의 후생을 희생시키는 전형적인 제국주의였지만, 조선경제의 장기적 성장에는 긍정적인 영향을 주었다.

The purpose of this paper is to find out the efficiency of colonial era s government investment, its impact on private investment, and its implications about economic growth. Colony Chosun s economic growth was driven primarily by government investment. The increase in government investment has reduced private consumption in the short term, and its own income growth effect has been quite small. But by continuing to accumulate capital stock, it has created an industrial and market base of private investment over the long term. The capital stock formation was larger than that of Taiwan, although Chosun s per capita investment was much smaller than that of Taiwan. And its efficiency as greater than that of Taiwan. The formation of this capital stock has nabled a flexible increase in private facility investment since the 1930s. It increased domestic income, and made it possible to increase per capita consumption in Chosun until 1939 when it became a wartime economic system. The economic growth of colony Chosun was made possible by the increase in public investment and capital. However, it was made primarily through military use and formed through the great sacrifice of the welfare of Chosun‘s people at that time. Therefore the process of economic growth of Chosun, which was made under Japanese rule, can be said to be a typical imperialism that sacrifices the welfare of the colony for its own interests. Nevertheless, there was a positive effect on the long-term growth of the Chosun economy.