19~20세기 초 우크라이나의 민족주의

Ukrainian Nationalism in the 19th and the Beginning of 20th Century

본 논문은 19~20세기 초 우크라이나인들의 역사·문화적 특성들이 어떻게 근대 민족과 민족주의 형성의 토대가 되었으며, 또한 19세기 이전 비정치적 공동체의 수준에 머물러 있던 우크라이나의 ‘소수종족그룹’(ethnic group)이 19~20세기를 거치면서 어떻게 정치 공동체 수준의 근대 민족(nation)으로 발전할 수 있었는가의 문제들을 다루었다. 또한 이러한 문제제기 속에서 문화적 단계의 민족적 특성들을 근대 민족의 개념으로 변화시킨 시대적 환경은 무엇이었으며, 어떠한 과정을 거치면서 우크라이나의 민족개념과 민족주의가 형성·발전되었는가를 고찰하였다.

In the course of social changes during the 19th century, national characteristics formed before the 19th century became an important part of the concept of the Ukrainian nation. The Ukrainian nationalism came into birth based on this national concept. During this period, under the rule of Russian and Austrian Empires, Ukrainians began to realize their inequality and experienced national awakening. Herderism and Romantic Nationalism provoked Ukrainian intellectuals to identify their national identity and construct their nation as a political entity. This changing environment led Ukrainian intellectuals to pay attention to their people’s language, literature and folk tradition. This helped to create the unique concept of Ukrainian nation. In this way, Ukrainian intellectuals gradually evolved the ideology of nationalism into political doctrine of Ukrainian nation. Although Ukrainian nationalism did not declare complete separatism, it claimed Ukrainian autonomy and federalism as opposed to Russian despotism and centralism.