고창 봉덕리1호분 출토 금동신발의 제작방법과 문양

Methods and Patterns Used in Making Gilt-bronze Shoes Excavated from the Tomb No. 1 in Bongdeok-ri, Gochang - With a focus on the articles unearthed from the stone chamber No. 4

본고는 최근에 보존처리가 완료된 고창 봉덕리1호분 4호석실에서 출토된 금동신발의 1차적인 관찰 결과이다. 고창 봉덕리1호분은 최대 길이 동-서 약 70m, 남-북 약 52m, 높이 약 8m에 이르는 주구를 가진 대형 분구묘로 내부에서 석실5기, 옹관2기 등 모두 7기의 매장시설이 확인되었다. 처녀분인 4호석실의 피장자의 발치에서 출토된 금동신발은 현재까지 출토된 백제 금동신발 가운데 보존상태가 양호하며 그 문양에 있어서도 가장 화려한 것으로 평가받고 있다. 4호석실의 금동신발은 기존 출토된 백제 금동신발과 달리 양측판과 바닥판을 결합하여 결구한 이후에 추가적으로 1매(목깃)의 금동판을 추가적으로 상연에 부착하여 총 4매로 제작되어진 점이 가장 큰 차이점이다. 또한 문양에 있어서도 투조된 육각형문 내부에 쌍조·봉황·용·인면조신 등을 양측판에, 바닥판에는 귀면·용·역사 등을 조금기법을 이용하여 아주 사실적이면서도 입체감 있게 표현하였다. 금동신발의 전체적인 제작기법과 문양대의 구획, 문양의 배치 등에 있어 경주 식리총에서 출토된 금동신발과 매우 유사하여 상호 비교할 수 있는 자료로 평가된다.

The present study deals with the outcomes of the first examination of the gilt-bronze shoes which were excavated from the stone chamber No. 4 of the tomb No. 1 in Bongdeok-ri, Gochang and were finally treated for conservation lately. The tomb No. 1 in Bongdeok-ri, Gochang is a large-sized mounded burial with encircling ditch measuring approximately 70 m from east to west, 52 m from south to north and 8 m in height. Inside the tomb were found a total of 7 burial fittings including 5 stone chambers and 2 earthenware coffins. The gilt-bronze shoes discovered at the feet of the stone chamber No. 4 turned out to be the best preserved with the most gorgeous patterns among all those of the Baekje Kingdom that have ever been excavated. The gilt-bronze shoes excavated from the stone chamber No. 4 differ mostly from other ones that have been excavated so far in that they were made of 4 gilt-bronze sheets in total after the sheets in both sides and bottom were bonded together and another one was added to the upper rim (or strip) of them. Besides, their patterns are also very realistic and three-dimensional since patterns of twin birds, phoenix, dragon, birds with human face, etc. within the reflected hexagons are applied in both sides and patterns of devil mask, dragon, history, etc. are marked in the bottom of them by means of stamping technique. With overall techniques used in making gilt-bronze shoes and division and arrangement of their patterns considered, it may be concluded that the shoes are very similar and duly comparable to those unearthed from the Singnichong tombs in Gyeongju.