순차적 2중차광에 따른 차나무의 생육변화

Changes of Tea Plants’ Growth according to the Type of Sequential Double Shading

말차는 차광하여 재배한 찻잎을 비비지 않고 건조한 것을 덴차라고 하며 이를 분말기기로 갈아 미분상으로 제조한 것을 의미하는데 차광기간, 형태 등의 재배기술에 따라 품질에 차이가 크게 발생한다. 본 연구는 순차적 2중차광에 따른 찻잎의 생육과 생리적 변화가 고품질 말차 생산에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 그 결과, 찻잎 수확 전 엽록소함량은 순차적 2중차광(52.7) > 1중차광(49.9) > 비차광(40.2) 순으로 높았으며, 엽록소형광(Fv/Fm)은 순차적 2중차광(0.73) > 1일차광(0.67), 비차광(0.53) 순으로 측정되었다. 정규식생지수(NDVI)는 순차적 2중차광(0.72) > 1중차광(0.70) > 비차광(0.65) 순이 였으며, 단순식생지수(SR)는 순차적 2중차광(3.04) > 1중차광(2.82) > 비차광(2.30) 순으로 조사되었다. 엽장, 엽폭 및 엽면적은 1중차광 > 순차적 2중차광 > 비차광 순으로 생육이 높았으며, 절간길이는 비차광 > 순차적 2중차광 > 1중차광 순으로 조사되었다. 잎 표면의 녹색도(G-value)는 순차적 2중차광(62.9) > 1중차광(56.4) > 비차광(51.9)로 측정되었다. 전체적인 생리 및 생육상태를 보면 순차적 2중차광이 1중차광보다 찻잎의 색도를 증가시켜주고 차나무의 차광 스트레스 경감에도 효율적으로 판단된다.

The term “matcha” means that tea leaves cultivated by shading are prepared by pulverizing the leaves with a grinding machine (such as using a stone mill or a ball mill) and this makes the tea leaves into a fine powder. There is a great difference in quality depending on cultivation techniques such as the shading period and the type of shading. This study investigated the effect on the growth and physiological changes of tea leaves on the production of high quality green tea according to the use of sequential double shading. As a result, the chlorophyll content before harvesting of tea leaves was higher in order of sequential double shading (52.7) > single shading (49.9) > non-shading (40.2), and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was measured in the order of sequential double shielding (0.73) > single shielding (0.67) > non-shielding (0.53). The order of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was sequential double shading (0.72) > single shading (0.70) > non-shading (0.65), and the simple ration index (SR) was in the order of sequential double shading (3.04) > single shading (2.82) > non-shading (2.30). The leaf length, leaf width and leaf area were higher in order of single shading > sequential double shading > non-shading, and the internode length was in the order of non-shading > sequential double shading > single shading. The G-value of the leaf surface was in the order of sequential double shading (62.9) > single shading (56.4) > non-shading (51.9). The overall physiological and growth status shows that the sequential double shading increases the color of the tea leaves better than does single shading, and sequential double shading is effective in reducing the shading stress of tea plants.