문화콘텐츠의 민중의식과 변혁적 가치로의 실천방향

The People’s Consciousness in Cultural Contents and Directions of Practice for Transformative Values

전통사회에서 민중의식이 발현된 문화가 맺은 결실은 크게 ‘민중문학적 결실’, ‘민중문화콘텐츠적 결실’, ‘민중혁명적 결실’ 등 세 가지였다. 여기서 민중문화콘텐츠적 결실은 민중문학적 결실과 민중혁명적 결실 사이에서 민중의 ‘민중의식적 행동성’을 조절하는 기능을 했다고 볼 수 있다. 왜냐하면 전통사회의 민중문화콘텐츠는 민중의 민중의식이 민중문학에 머물렀을 때 나타나는 민중의식적 행동성의 결핍을 상승시키고, 한편 민중혁명에 나타나는 민중의식적 행동성의 과잉을 하강시키는 기능도 했기 때문이다. 현대사회에서 민중의식이 발현된 문화는 전통사회처럼 세 결실을 맺었거나 맺고 있는 중이다. 그러나 세 결실의 상호관계를 보면, 전통사회와는 전혀 다른 양상이다. 먼저, 이승만 독재정권 때는 민중문학적 결실을 통해 바로 민중혁명적 결실을 맺었다 해도 과언이 아니다. 이와 달리, 박정희 독재정권 때는 민중혁명적 결실을 맺지는 못했지만, 민중문학적 결실을 바탕으로 민중문화콘텐츠적 결실을 맺기 위한 기초를 다지는 작업을 했다고 볼 수 있다. 그에 비해, 전두환 독재정권 때는 민중문학적 결실과 민중혁명적 결실 사이에 대학생들의 주체적인 행동으로 민중문화콘텐츠적 결실을 맺었는데, 여기서 민중문화콘텐츠적 결실의 기능은 전통사회의 민중문화콘텐츠적 결실의 기능을 넘어서는 ‘민중혁명적 결실맺음을 향한 문화운동’의 기능을 했던 것이다. 박근혜 퇴진 광화문 촛불문화제는 지금까지 논의한 민중의식의 세 결실의 상호관계 양상을 넘어선 것이다. 왜냐하면 민중문학적 결실과 민중문화콘텐츠적 결실을 자유롭게 맺어가는 가운데 민중문화콘텐츠의 충실한 연행을 통해, ‘문화콘텐츠의 힘’으로 거대한 사회갈등을 해결하는 기능을 했기 때문이다. 최종적으로 문화콘텐츠에 나타난 민중의식을 변혁적 가치로 실천하기 위한 두 가지 기본방향을 제시하였다. 첫째로 인간의 존엄성을 ‘죽이는 문화콘텐츠’가 아닌, 그것을 ‘살리는 문화콘텐츠’를 지향하는 것이다. 둘째로 문화콘텐츠의 3대 핵심기반 즉, 법률기반, 관리기반, 사업기반을 재편하는 ‘문화콘텐츠혁명’을 추진하는 것이다. 그렇게 되면, 문화창달이라는 문화부 본연의 임무로 문화콘텐츠정책이 운영될 수 있을 것이 자명하다.

In traditional society, there are three major fruits of the culture in which people’s consciousness is manifested: fruits based on people’s literature, fruits based on people’s cultural contents, and fruits based on people’s revolution. As people’s cultural contents in traditional society worked to increase the deficiency of actions based on people’s consciousness when people’s consciousness stayed in people’s literature, the fruits based on people’s cultural contents regulated people’s actions based on people’s consciousness between the fruits based on people’s literature and those based on people’s revolution. It also reduced the excessive actions based on people’s consciousness during people’s revolution. Like traditional society, the culture in which people’s consciousness is manifested or is in the process of coming to fruition in modern society has come to fruition in three major aspects. There are, however, differences in terms of mutual relations among the three fruits between modern and traditional society. It is no exaggeration to say that the fruits based on people’s literature immediately led to the fruits based on people’s revolution during Rhee Syngman’s dictatorial regime. During Park Chung-hee’s dictatorial regime, however, there were no fruits based on people’s revolution. However, the fruits based on people’s literature laid a foundation for the fruits based on people’s cultural contents. During Chun Doo-hwan’s dictatorial regime, the independent actions of college students led to the fruits based on people’s cultural contents between those based on people’s literature and those based on people’s revolution. Here, the functions of fruits based on people’s cultural contents worked to serve as a cultural movement for fruition based on people’s revolution beyond those of fruits based on people’s cultural contents in traditional society. The Gwanghwamun Candlelight Culture Festival, which demanded Park Geun-hye’s resignation, went beyond the patterns of mutual relations found in the three types of people’s consciousness discussed so far since it solved massive social conflicts with the power of cultural contents by performing people’s cultural contents faithfully while bearing fruits based on people’s literature and people’s cultural content freely. Therefore, the present study proposes two basic directions to realize people’s consciousness in cultural contents as transformative values: one is orientation toward cultural contents to keep human dignity alive rather than cultural contents to kill human dignity; the other is to push forward a cultural contents revolution to reorganize the three core bases of cultural contents, which are legal, management, and business based. When they are realized, the Ministry of Culture will certainly be able to implement a cultural contents policy based on its original duty of creating culture.