经济之道初探 －-基于儒家义理贞定1)经济生活的尝试

The Philosophy of Economy—Based on the theory of Confucianism

儒家不反对“曰利”，但反对“专以利为心”之人所言之“利”。儒家不认为“曰利”是一件很要紧的事，但实在要说，也大有可说。儒家认为，人担负着顺天道而生死、尽人伦的责任，所以产生各种层次的经济活动。其中，人因为担负“顺天道而生存”的责任而被赋予生存欲望、对部份物的使用欲，享有生存权利、对部份物的使用权，这是生存层次的经济活动的起源。正因为人有这样的责任，所以人所享有的配套权利是正当的，而这样的责任，也在配套权利的享有和行使至于物尽其用、民遂其生之时被完成；也正因为人有这样责任，所以这些配套的权利也是有其边界的：人没有放弃生存权利的权利，没有自我败坏、败坏供其生存之物的权利。因为人有顺天道而死亡的责任，所以生存责任并不是无限的；因为人有比生存更高的、尽人伦的责任，所以生存责任能够自然找到其边界。

In Confucianism, we human beings have the duty to live, die, and put our heart and soul into human relations according to the principle of Tian, this is the origin of all kinds of economics. In details, since we have the duty to live, we are given the desire to live and the right to use other things as our living materials. It is the duty which guarantee the legitimacy of right, and when one can eat his (her) fill, wear warm clothes, and live in a cozy house, the duty is accomplished and it is time for human relations, rites and music, in this way, the activities of economy find their binderies, otherwise, if we have no awareness of human relations, rites and music, the economy will break through its limit and cause lots of disasters.