현대일본어에서의 조동사 (ら)れる의 용법

The Usage of the Auxiliary Verb Rareru in Contemporary Japanese

助動詞&#65378;(ら)れる&#65379;の用法は周知のとおり四つに分かれる。近年、助動詞&#65378;(ら)れる&#65379;の自動意味判別のための試みが行われている。 本稿では(ら)れるの形態&#22793;化と承接動詞の形態的&#8228;意味的特&#24500;に注目し て、用法の分類を行う。助動詞(ら)れるが<受身>用法にもっぱら用いられているという偏り現象を&#35500;明すべく、承接動詞を活用形態の違いによって異なる結果が得られることを示す。なお、ラレル形(食べられる)とレル形(食べれる)の&#23550;照をとおしてレル形の使用&#29366;況を記述する。 結果をまとめると次のようである。(1)現代日本語の助動詞&#65378;(ら)れる&#65379;の用法の分布は、動詞の種類によって偏りが認められる。いままで受身用法が一番多く用いられると指摘されてきたが、それは子音語幹動詞に限られるということが明らかになった。母音語幹動詞には可能動詞が用意されていないので可能用法が多く用いられ、その分受身用法の比率が下がっている。(2)助動詞&#65378;(ら)れる&#65379;を承ける動詞の中には特定の用法に偏りを見せている動詞があるということがわかった。

The usage of the auxiliary verb rareru is generally divided into four categories. It has been pointed out in previous studies that the passive usage is the most frequent use of the auxiliary verb rareru, but it is restricted to consonant&#8208;stem verbs. Since there is no potential form of a verb in vowel&#8208;stem verbs, the verb with the suffix rareru is divided into both potential and passive usages, and the frequency of the passive usage is reduced accordingly. In recent studies, several researchers have attempted automatic discrimination of the meaning of the auxiliary verb rareru. In this paper, we intend to classify usages by focusing on the morphological characteristics and semantic features of the verbs that connect with the morphology change of rareru. We will explain why the usage of the auxiliary verb rareru is biased towards passives. In addition, this paper will also describe the usage of Ranukikotoba&#8211;lacking ‘ra’ in the ‘rareru’ verb conjunction &#8208; in comparison with the verb with a rareru form. The results obtained from this work can be expected to be used as basic data for automatic discrimination of the meaning of the auxiliary verb rareru. Finally, the usage of rareruis influenced by the meaning of the verb, so that a phenomenon in which a specific verb represents only a particular usage is recognized.