한중일 제조업의 전문화 및 집중화 추이

Specialization and Geographical Concentration in Korea, China and Japan

This paper has the purpose of analysing changes in patterns of specialization and geographical concentration in South Korea, China and Japan. We used the data of 27 manufacturing industries provided by UN data base(UNIDO) for the period of 1977-2001. It is expected generally that economic integration is likely to bring with it changes in industrial structure and location. Main results of this study are as follows. Firstly, relative specialization had increased on average. This means that the manufacturing structure of three countries had showed diverging tendency for the period. However, three countries had the different paths. Japan had experienced the increase in specialization. South Korea had followed rapid convergence. In the case of China, it had showed stable, then increasing, then decreasing specialization tendency. But comparing the degrees in specialization for two periods, China also showed increasing tendency in specialization. Secondly, this increasing specialization tendency seems to be reflected in geographical concentration. Between 1977-2001, more than half of 27 manufacturing industries had experienced geographical concentration. Identifying which country had concentrated in which country, we find out that the industries of tobacco, textile, wearing apparel, leather products, industrial chemicals and Pottery, china, earthenware were con centrated in China and the industries of printing and publishing, other chemicals, petroleum and coal products and Professional & scientific equipment were concentrated in Japan.