중국의 중소형 국유기업 개혁에 관한 연구

A Study on the Reform of Medium and Small-Sized State-Owned Enterprises in China

Since the open-door policy launched in 1978 in China, the existing planned economic system is facing with dramatical changes. Moreover, the public ownership in China prohibiting the private ownership has emerged as clonic problems being influenced by the gradual open policies and ownership system. Because of these problems, inefficiencies are prevailing in every corner of Chinese economy, thereby jeopardizing the economic development in China. While implementing the opening policies, China has been ceaselessly undertaking economic reforms like ownership change of the state-owned enterprises, management controling, adopting new technologies, and enhancing the economic efficiencies, which are the main stream of the national economy. However, such efforts to reform the systems were not sufficient to cope with the speedy development and pressure from the international markets. Most of the state-owned enterprises except some businesses which are sound in management are still suffering from losses, and thorough these reforms were emerged as the measures to overcome such losses. After the open policies, international competitiveness of the joint-ven- tured businesses, township-owned, and private enterprises are continuously enhanced by applying the advanced technologies and modern management skills. In contrast, most of the state-owned enterprises including the large-scaled enterprises have failed in management improvement, and consequently some of them are partially or entirely closed. Due to such poor management, national ecnnomy has been threatened, and the financial burden become heavier. In this paper, the background, present status, contents, problems and the results of the reform were identified, and proper measures were discussed. The reform of the state-owned enterprises in China seems to be successful providing the optimum model for the economic reform in China. However, the refrmns are mainly concerned with the separation of the ownership and management, and the management efficiencies problems only. The reforms should be concentrated to how to boost income, improve the creditabilities of the enterprises, enhance the productivities, develop technologies, strengthen the bargaining power in the markets, accelerate the inflow of the capital through share-holding system, and rationalize the management of the enterprises. However, the reforms were still confronted with various problems. Despite these obstacles, the reform should be implemented as scheduled. Since the development of Chinese economy depends upon the success of these reforms, China should undertake the reforms of the state-owned enterprises mobilizing as many measures as possible with a strong initiation of the government.