동북아지역에서 女性의 經濟的 地位에 관한 分析

An Analysis on the Female s Economic Position in North East Asia

In this paper, we try to find the female s econonuc position in North East Asia, especially South Korea and Taiwan. For the purpose, we analyze the female s economic participated patterns, and male-female wage differentials in South Korea, Taiwan, and additionally U. S. Historically, the female s economic participated patterns has transferred from single left-hand peak, M-shape, finally to reverse U-shape with social modernization. As we analyze the female s participated patterns in South Korea and Taiwan, we find that the females economic position in South Korea has not changed even with her rapid economic growth. Based on the human capital theory, the wage differentials among laborers are generated from the discrepancy of human capital stock which depends on individual laborer s decision. Hence, the wage differentials between male and female are not the results of discrimination, but the results of individual choice. Actually, women have experienced in the discrimination on labor market participation due to gravity, parturition, infant rearing. Also, it is a fact that women have been discriminated against men in labor market owing to social, traditional, and cultural discriminations. If woman herself or her parent invests human capital less on woman than man owing to the existence of discrimination in labor market, the expected human capital stock instead of human capital stock will explain mali-female wage differentials better. Therefore, we specify the model employes the expected human capital stock instead of traditional human capital stock. The empirical results show that the coefficient of expected discriminations in South Korea, Taiwan, and U. S. are .52, .72, and, .90 respectively. This result implies that half-of the male-female wage differentials in South Korea can be explained by the discrepancy of expected human capital stock and the other half depends on the social-structural male-female differentials.