副词“简直”的主观性及认知依据

The Subjectivity and Cognitive Basis of the Adverb “Jianzhi(简直)”

副词“简直”的主观性研究向来局限于表“夸张”和“强调”上，本论文试图突破缺乏有关其主观性具体特征分析的不足，以认知语言学理论和主观性理论为基础，着重分析“简直”在主观性的两大维度――向度维度与量度维度上所表现出的特征，并阐释现象背后的原因，从而明确“简直”的语用条件。本研究认为“简直”在主观性的向度维度上表现出“顺向”、“逆向”和“偏离”这三种特征。在表达“认同”和“递进”语义的语境中，表现为顺向；在表达“否认”和“贬抑”语义的语境中，表现为逆向；在表达“意外”语义的语境中，表现为“偏离”。“简直”在主观性量度维度上表现出标示“主观增量”与“主观减量”的特征。在标示“主观增量”时，“简直”的使用意味着把等级低的“A”等同于等级高的“B”，从而衍生出夸张语义；相反，“简直”在标示“主观减量”时，其使用等于把等级高的数值视同为等级低的数值，在量度上的体现就是“主观减量”。

The research on the subjectivity of the Adverb “Jianzhi” has always been limited to “hyperbole” and “emphasis”. This paper attempts to break through the lack of analysis on the specific characteristics of its subjectivity. On the basis of cognitive linguistics theory and subjectivity theory, it focused on the analysis of the characteristics of “Jianzhi” in the two dimensions of Subjectivity——directional dimension and measurement dimension, and explained the characteristics behind the phenomenon So as to clarify the pragmatic conditions of “Jianzhi”. “Jianzhi” has three characteristics——“forward”, “reverse” and “deviation” in the directional dimension of subjectivity. In the context of expressing “identification” and “progressive” semantics, it is expressed in a straight direction; in the context of expressing “denial” and “derogation”, it is expressed in a reverse direction; in the context of expressing “accident”, it is expressed in a deviation. “Jianzhi” shows the characteristics of “subjective increment” and “subjective decrement” in the measurement dimension of subjectivity.