북한이탈주민의 취업활동 추이분석을 통한 취업지원정책의 평가

The Evaluation of the Employment Support Policies through the Trend Analysis on the Employment Activities of North Korean Refugees

본 연구는 북한이탈주민의 취업지원정책의 효과를 평가하였다. 주로 2005년부터 2012년까지 북한인권정보센터에서 조사한「북한이탈주민 경제활동 동향」 8개년 자료를 활용하였다. 네 가지 취업지원정책을 독립변수로 설정하였고 종속변수는 직업훈련 경험과만족도·자격증 취득·취업률·소득, 고용지원금제도로 인한 고용의 안정성, 고용센터의 활용, 정착장려금 수혜로 인한 국민기초생활보장제도 수급비율 감소이다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 직업훈련의 만족도는 높고 자격증 취득에 효과적이지만 취업과 소득에는 효과적이지 못하다. 둘째, 고용지원금제도는 단기적으로 취업과 장기근속에 영향력이 미흡하지만 장기적으로는 유의미한 상관관계가 있다. 셋째, 고용센터와 취업보호담당관에 의한 구직등록 경험은 부족했다. 그리고 구직등록자에 대한 취업알선 노력은 증가했지만 취업알선 후 실제 취업은 크게 개선되지 않았다. 넷째, 정착장려금 정책은 국민기초생활보장제도의 수급비율을 저하시켰으므로 효과적이다. 그러나 취업률에 그다지 효과적이지 못했다. 다섯째, 국민기초생활보장제도의 수급비율은 정착장려금은 물론 다른 요인의 영향을받으며 그 자체에 구조적 문제에 있다.

The purpose of this study evaluated whether or not the employment support policies were effective through the analysis of the trends in employment activities of North Korean refugees, by utilizing Trends in Economic Activities of North Korean Defectors published by Data Base Center for North Korean Human Rights from 2005 to 2012. For the evaluation, the researcher set up four Employment Support Policies as independent variables, and their effect as dependent variables. First, it was found that vocational training were effective in the satisfaction and the acquisition of professional certificate after vocational training experience, but not effective in employment rate and increasing income. Second, it was discovered that the employment support subsidy was not high effective in employment rate and stability of employment, but was effective in long term employment support policy. Third, it was unearthed that there were not overall upward trends in the utilization of the employment advocacy officer system of employment service centers, but the effort of helping employment was relatively high. Fourth, there were downward trends in national basic livelihood security recipients, whereas there were upward trends in grant for employment encouragement except institutional error of national basic livelihood security policy. Finally, It can be said that employment support policies were not high effective in short term, but be expected effective in long term if increase effort of feedback on employment support policies.