서울, 수도권, 지방 주요 국공립미술관, 해외 주요 미술관 관장들의 전문적 요인과 사회적 조건에 대한 비교·분석

Comparative Analysis of Factors Influencing the Hiring of Directors by Major art Museums within Korea, according to Their Geographic Location and in Comparison to Museums Outside Korea

본 논문의 목적은 국내 국공립미술관 관장들의 전문성과 연관된 학력, 전공, 경력, 유학 여부 그리고 사회적 여러 조건인 임기, 나이, 성별, 출신학교 등을 서울, 수도권, 지방에 있는 미술관을 대상으로 비교·분석하고, 그 결과를 해외 주요 미술관관장들의 데이터와 비교하여 미술관 관장들에 대한 현황파악 및 합리적 채용에 대한단서 제공에 있다. 연구 결과 전반적으로 국내의 경우 관장들의 짧은 임기, 고령화, 높은 여성 비율, 외국인 채용에 대한 보수성을 나타내며 해외와 뚜렷한 대비를 이룬다. 국내외 관장들의 대표 경력으로는 크게 미술전문가, 작가, 교수로 나뉘며 서울, 수도권, 지방, 해외 별 뚜렷한 차이를 보인다. 국내외 관장들의 학력은 상당히 높지만, 국내의 경우 지역별 차이를 보인다. 해외유학의 경우 서울/수도권, 지방의 차이가 뚜렷하다. 또한, 국내의 경우 실기전공자 출신 비율이 높지만, 해외의 경우 미술사 전공자들의 비중이 높다. 출신학교의 경우 전반적으로 홍익대의 비율이 높지만, 서울/수도권의 경우 서울대 비율이 높다. 그리고 지방의 경우 특정 지방대학 출신비율이 높지만, 해외의 경우 지역적 특성과는 무관하게 해외 명문대 출신이 많다.

This paper examines the professional qualifications of the directors of important public art museums in Korea in comparison to museums outside Korea through analysis of the directors’ primary qualifications, including academic background, major, career experience, and study abroad experience, as well as secondary qualifications, including length of tenure, age, gender, and alma mater, which can indirectly the hiring process for directors. The museums examined in this study are separated into three geographical categories - 1. Seoul, 2. the Seoul Metropolitan Area, and 3. locations in Korea outside the Seoul Metropolitan Area - to analyze how the influence of primary and secondary qualifications differs across geographies. Additionally, this study looks at how the professional qualifications of directors in Korea compare to the qualifications of directors outside Korea to identify the idiosyncrasies of the Korean system. It finds that directors in Korea, in general, have a shorter length of tenure, are older, are more likely to be female, and are less likely to be foreign than the directors of overseas museums. Experience-wise, directors in Korea often have experience working as art experts, artists, and art professors, but their backgrounds differ depending on the region in which they are working. Although directors in Korea have, across the board, studied abroad and graduated from prestigious universities, there are noticeable differences across the three geographical locations looked at. Notably, in Korea, the proportion of directors who majored in practical skills is high, while in the case of directors overseas, the proportion of those who majored in art history is high. In addition, while a high percentage of directors are graduates of Hongik University regardless of their museum’s location, graduates of Seoul University are mainly concentrated in the Seoul and Seoul Metropolitan Areas. Museums outside the Seoul Metropolitan Area, on the other hand, often hire directors who have graduated from a nearby university. These differences mark a contrast between Korean museums and museums overseas, which generally hire directors who have graduated from prestigious universities, regardless of geographical location.