통일신라시대 울릉도의 고분 구조와 축조 배경

Structure and Costruction background of Ancient Tombs of Ulreung-do During Unified Silla Era

본 논문은 울릉도에 조영된 고분의 분형에 따른 축조 기법과 매장주체시설의 구조 분석을 통한 묘제 파악, 부장품을 통해 조영 시기를 설정하고, 계통과 배경을 검토하였다. 검토 결과, 석축을 만들고, 그 위에 매장주체시설을 구축하고 적석을 한 울릉도의 고분은 지질·지형·기후 등 울릉도의 자연환경에 가장 적합한 매장시설을 만든 결과물이었음이 확인되었다. 종래 울릉도 고분의 매장주체시설을 횡구식석실로 파악하였으나 구조 분석 결과 횡혈식석실임을 확인하였다. 지금까지 지표 및 발굴조사 등에 의해 확인된 대부분의 고분은 그 조영시기가 8세기 후반에서 9세기임이 부장품으로 출토된 토기의 특징에 의해 확인할 수 있었다. 통일신라시대에 횡혈식석실이 군집되어 조영된 사례는 왕경과 울릉도에 다수 확인되었고, 울릉도의 생활유적과 고분에서 출토된 화려하게 인화문이 장식된 토기들은 왕경에서 생산·소비된 것과 동일한 토기들이었다. 고분 구조가 횡혈식석실이고, 왕경으로부터 상당수 반입된 토기 등을 근거로 울릉도의 고분은 신라 왕경인들의 이주에 의해 조영되었을 가능성이 매우 높음을 추정할 수 있었다.

The tomb shape of the ancient tomb constructed in Ulreung-do and the burial structure are analyzed and the construction period is established through the burial items and the system and background are reviewed. As a result of the review, the ancient tombs of Ulreung-do that had the burial structure constructed on the stone structure with the red stones and they were the most appropriate burial facilities for the natural environment of Ulreung-do with its geology, topography, climate or the likes. Originally, the ancient tombs of Ulreung-do had known its burial structure as the stone chamber tomb with horizontal entrance, but as a result of structure analysis, they were confirmed to be the corridor-style stone chamber tomb. Those reported ancient tombs of Ulreung-do from ground surface, excavation survey and others are confirmed by the characteristics of earthenware excavated as the burial items with the construction period to be late 8th century to 9th century. In the main land region of the unified Silla era, had a number of cases grouped in Ulreung-do for the disappearing corridor-style stone chamber tomb that it is confirmed to have similar shapes with the capital city of the similar period. Those earthenwares decorated splendidly with the stamped design pottery excavated from the living relics and ancient tombs of Ulreung-do were produced and consumed in the capital city. The structure of the ancient tomb is in the corridor-style stone chamber tomb and the earthenware carried in for significant number from the capital city and based on such facts, the ancient tombs of Ulreung-do could be presumed as highly likely to be constructed by the migration of those people in the capital city of Silla Dynasty.