6~7세기 경산지역 석실묘의 전개양상

A study on the stone chamber tombs of the Gyeongsan region

본고는 6~7세기 경산지역에 축조된 분묘를 통해 당시의 사회상을 복원하기 위한 기초적 작업이다. 먼저 석실묘에서 출토되는 토기를 형식 분류하고 고분에서 출토되는 공반관계 분석을 통해 상대 편년하였으며 이를 절대연대 추론 자료와 비교하여 실연대를 비정하였다. 그리고 경산지역에서 발굴조사된 석실묘를 평면형태와 시상의 축조 형태에 따라 분류하였다 그 결과 경산지역 석실묘의 전개양상을 다음과 같이 파악할 수 있었다. 1단계(출현기)의 석실묘는 5세기 말에서 6세기 초반에 지방의 수장급묘에 주로 축조되는데 석실묘의 아이디어를 받아들여 연도를 마련하는 등 석실묘의 형태는 갖추지만 이전 단계의 매장습속을 그대로 유지하고 있었다. 2단계(완성기)의 석실묘는 경산의 각 지역 고분군에 횡혈식석실묘가 본격적으로 성행하게 되는 단계로 6세기 중반 이전으로 추정되는데 전대의 습속은 대부분 사라지고 횡혈식석실묘의 주기능인 추가장이라는 새로운 매장습속이 이루어진다. 3단계(발전기)는 6세기 중반 이후에시 7세기 초중반까지로 추정되며 석실묘에는 수차례에 걸쳐 추가장이 시행되고 전형적인 후시양식토기와 소형의 철기가 부상된다. 4단계(소멸기)의 석실묘는 7세기 초중반 이후로, 발전기의 석실묘가 그대로 유지되며 7세기 중후엽경까시 추가장이 이루어진다. 또한 새로운 양식의 토기 기형인 합과 병모양토기 등이 등장하게 되여 이후 소멸하게 된다.

This study is on the purpose of restoring social aspects through tombs in those days by comprehending diachronically all the process of the stone chamber tombs found in Gyeongsan region in the 6~7th century and the stone chamber tombs were divided according to form, earthenware excavated from the tombs were divided by form classification and chronological recording were tried to the remains. And changing aspects and characteristics of the stone chamber tombs were investigated by stages. Among mounted dishes excavated from the stone chamber tombs and mounted jars with long neck, relative chronicle of mounted dishes is set up in serial order as genre 1 to 5 and that of mounted jars with long neck is set up as genre 1 to 7. Considering chronicles of earthenware and aspect change of the stone chamber tombs. all the process of the stone chamber tombs are divided into 4 stages as stage l(advent)- stage 2(accomplishment)- stage 3(development)- stage 4(extinction) and changing aspects by stages can be examined as follows. The stone chamber tombs of stage l(advent) were established for Lhe level of lhe leaders of the provinces from the late firth to the early sixth century and burial customs of former times still remained in spile of having form like preparing the route with the idea of the stone chamber tombs. The stone chamber tombs of stage 2(accomplishment) was the period that the stone chamber tombs of rank-style were set up in earnest in old tomb area of each region in Gyeongsan and an additional funeral, a major function of the stone chamber tombs of rank-style, was developed in earnest. Accordingly customs of former times nearly disappeared and aclually moved to the stone chamber tombs. The period is assumed to be before the mid sixth century. In stage 3(developmenl). tombs of former times completely disappeared and were replaced by the stone chamber tombs. An additional funeral was carried out several times in the stone chamber tombs and earthenware including typical Lhe latter style earthenware and small size of ironware were buried together in the tombs. The period is assumed to be from after the mid sixth century till the early·mid seventh century. The swne chamber tombs of stage 4(extinction) were in the period afler the early·mid seventh century and there was no introduction of new style and the stone chamber tombs of stage 3(development) still remained. New style earthenware such as a bowl with cover and bottle-shaped earthenware appeared. buried together as an additional funeral in the stone chamber tombs of former times and completely disappeared in the period of the mid·late seventh century.