5~6세기 유공광구호의 변천과 분포

Studyo n the transition and distribution of Yookongkwangooho

영산강유역 일대에서 주로 출토되며 일본 須惠器의 한 기종인 유공광구호는 영산강유역 과 일본열도의 관계를 엿볼 수 있는 자료로 주목받아 왔다. 최근 발굴 자료의 증가로 그 분포범위가 서부경남 지역까지 확대되면서 그 기원과 연대, 분포에 관해 여러 안들이 제기되고 있다. 본고에서는 한반도 출토 유공광구호를 분석하여 그 변천과 분포의 양상을 고찰해보고자 한다. 먼저 공간성과 시간성을 가지는 속성을 선별, 분석하여 5개의 형식으로 분류하였다. 그 결과Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ형식은 호남지역,Ⅳ형식은 영남지역,Ⅴ형식은 일본須惠器에서 주로 확인되었다. 이를 3단계로 설정하고 그 변천을 살펴보았다. 한반도 출토 유공광구호는 그 초현이 5세기 전반대를 상회하지 않으며, 한반도 재지의 토기 제작 기술로 만들어진 것으로 생각된다.영산강유역,서부경남지역, 일본은 각기 독특한 형태의 유공광구호를 제작하고 있지만, 유공광구호를 구성하는 개개의 요소에서는 공통점이 확인된다. 이러한 한정된 지역적 분포는 유물자체만으로도 유공광구호를 이용하는 특유의 습속 혹은 문화를 공유하고 있었던 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 또 변천양상의 유사성은 제작에 있어서도 지속적으로 정보를 교환하는 일종의 유행이 있었을 것으로 생각된다.

This study examines Yookongkwangooho(有孔廣口壺, jal of hole) excavated in the Korean peninsula. Yookongkwangooho has been regarded as a special pottery because of approximately 1.0 cm holes on the front and back part of its body. In particular, the pottery was unearthed in the Yongsan river basin and has been paid attention to since it had similar characteristics to Japan’s Sueki. Due to the lack of data, however, the pottery has not been studied in details or the research over the pottery has been conducted based on the chronicles of Japan’s Sueki. The study focused on the basic characteristics of Yookongkwangooho unearthed in the Korean peninsula and analysis of extensity and temporality. Yookongkwangooho is classified into five types based on regions. By frequency of excavation, the first, second, and third types are categorised as Yookongkwangooho of the southwestern region, the fourth as the southeastern region, the fifth as the kind of the Sueki excavated in the Korean peninsula. In addition, Yookongkwangooho are divided into the three types based on three periods in terms of temporality. Correlation between the Yongsan river, Western Gyeongnam province, and Japan are conjectured on the basis of temporality. Yookongkwangooho excavated in the Korean peninsula are technologically and structurally related with Pyeongjeosoho in the Bakje Dynasty and Kwangkoosoho in the Gaya period. In addition, it is thought that Japan’s Hasou was produced under the influence of Korea’s pottery technology during the early sueki period (TG232). After the fifth century, the situation of the Korea peninsula was complicated due to plenty of material data. This study has limitations to clear examination into relations among adjacent three kingdoms, Daegaya(Great Gaya), the Bakje Dynasty, Shilla, and small groups. Strikingly, the distribution of Yookongkwangooho was limited only to some region, the southwestern area of the Korean peninsula. The study focuses on only one kind of Yookongkwangooho. However, various data should be examined in order to closely analyse the society during the time. The above mentioned weak points shall be made up for based on thorough examination of pottery culture.