백제초축설이 있는 경기지역 일부 산성의 재검토

The Critical Reflection on Some Gyeoggi Mountain Fortresses With the Assumption of Baekje’s Initial Construction

최근 경기지역의 산성에 대한 조사가 활발히 이루어지면서 백제초축설이 등장하였는데, 이에 대한반대논의도 이루어지고 있다. 이에 본고에서는 경기지역 석축산성들 가운데 논쟁의 중심에 있는 반월산성ㆍ설봉산성ㆍ설성산성의 축조기법 및 출토 유구ㆍ유물에 대한 재검토를 해 보았다반월산성ㆍ설봉산성ㆍ설성산성에서 확인되는 기저부 축조기법ㆍ보축성벽의 형태ㆍ뒤채움 조성 방식은 신라 석축산성과는 다른 백제 석축산성 특유의 축조기법이라고 주장되고 있다. 그러나 이들 산성에서 확인되는 축조기법은 하남 이성산성ㆍ충주산성ㆍ문경 고모산성ㆍ함양 사근산성ㆍ함안 성산산성ㆍ남해 대국산성ㆍ아차산성 등의 신라산성에서도 확인되는 것이다. 설봉산성은 초축성벽의 기저부와 뒤채움 및 토광에서 백제토기가 출토되었는데, 연구 결과, 성벽의기저부와 뒤채움에서는 신라토기도 출토되었다. 토광은 단일퇴적층으로 신라기와가 공반 출토되는층이다. 설성산성은 수혈주거지ㆍ초축성벽 기저부 및 뒤채움에서 백제토기가 출토되었는데, 수혈주거지들은 성벽 내부 확장트렌치에서 확인되었다. 수혈주거지ㆍ성벽 기저부 및 뒤채움 토층과 확장트렌치의 토층을 비교 검토한 결과, 백제토기가 출토되는 층에서 신라토기 및 기와가 함께 출토되고 있다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 이상과 같이, 반월산성ㆍ설봉산성ㆍ설성산성의 축조기법 및 출토 유물 등을 재검토해 본 결과, 세산성에서 백제시기 초축이라고 주장되었던 일부 유구는 신라 혹은 통일신라에 의해 축조된 것임을 밝혔다.

Currently Korean scholars actively involve themselves in the academic examination of mountain fortresses in Gyeonggi area, which is followed by the assumption of their constructions initially by Baekje. With this in mind, this article re-scrutinize the sites left and other remains excavated in the mountain fortresses named as Banwol, Seolbong, and Seolseong. Mountain Fortresses of Banwol, Seolbong, and Seolseong are argued to have been built by the way unique in Baekje, viz. different from Silla’s way concerned. That is, the skill of constructing the basis of the Fortresses, the form of auxiliary supporting ramparts, and the way of packing the soil in the back walls represent that the Fortresses were built by Baekje in its own way of building stonebuilt fortresses differently from the way employed by Silla. Contrary to the argument, however, the way applied to the Fortresses can be witnessed also in Silla mountain fortresses such as Yiseong,Chungju, Gomo, Sageun, Seongsan, Daeguk, Acha and other Mountain Fortresses. Seolbong Mountain Fortress had Baekje earthenwares excavated in its basis, its soil packed in the back wall, and its pit on earth. Nevertheless, Silla earthenwares, too, were excavated in the basis of its wall, and the soil packed in its back walls. Also, the pit on earth is the single sedimentary layer where Silla earthenwares as well as Baekje ones were excavated. Seolseong Mountain Fortress had Beakje earthenwares excavated in its pit residence, its earliest rampart basis and its soil packed in the back wall. Pit residence remains were found in the soil-layer of its extended trench inside its wall. The comparative analysis of the soil layers on pit residence, the rampart basis, packed soils,and extended trench shows that Silla earthenwares and roofing tiles have been excavated in the very layer where Baekje earthenwares have been so. What have been briefed so far make it clear that some remains in the three Mountain Fortresses were constructed by Silla or Unified Silla unlike the established assumption that they were initially built by Baekje.